STUFF 2

Question 1

What are pros of fossil fuels?

Answer 1

generate large amounts of cheap energy
provide reliable supply of energy

Question 2

What are cons of fossil fuels?

Answer 2

release greenhouse gases
will eventually run out

Question 3

What are pros and cons of wind power?

Answer 3

no greenhouse gases produced, once set up, energy is cheap
set up costs are high, unattractive and cause noise pollution

Question 4

What are pros and cons of solar power?

Answer 4

produces no greenhouse gases, once panels have been set up, energy is cheap
no electricity is generated when there is no sunlight, panels are expensive

Question 5

What are pros and cons of tidal power?

Answer 5

tides are guaranteed and predictable, no greenhouse gases produced
tidal barrages are costly to build and can disrupt ecosystems

Question 6

What are pros and cons of hydro-electric power (HEP)?

Answer 6

once set up, HEP is cheap
reservoirs provide water supply during shortages
set up costs are high, when dams are built, habitats are often destroyed

Question 7

What are pros and cons of biomass?

Answer 7

affordable and renewable if resources are replaced (e.g. trees replanted)
burning biomass releases CO2, using wood as fuel can lead to deforestation

Question 8

What are pros of nuclear power?

Answer 8

generates a lot of electricity
produces no greenhouse gases

Question 9

What are 2 energy storage systems?

Answer 9

kinetic pumped storage systems
batteries

Question 10

What are kinetic pumped storage systems?

Answer 10

when demand for energy is slow (e.g. at night), excess energy produced by power station is used to pump water from a low reservoir to a higher reservoir so when energy demand peaks, more water can be released from the high reservoir to generate more electricity

Question 11

What are the 2 types of batteries?

Answer 11

alkaline
rechargeable

Question 13

What are characteristics of alkaline batteries?

Answer 13

usually disposable
cannot be reused
best used in devices that do not use a lot of power

Question 15

How are rechargeable batteries recharged?

Answer 15

charging the battery, reverses the chemical reaction that occurred when it was used

Question 16

What do modern materials mean?

Answer 16

new materials with useful properties that are constantly being developed to meet specific applications

Question 17

What are 3 examples of modern materials?

Answer 17

graphene
metal foams
titanium

Question 18

What are properties of graphene?

Answer 18

transparent
very strong and light
excellent conductor of heat and electricity

Question 19

What are uses of graphene?

Answer 19

protective equipment and clothing
can be mixed with paint to protect from corrosion
ideal material for use in solar cells

Question 20

What are properties of metal foams?

Answer 20

lightweight
strong under compression so absorb energy well
low thermal conductivity

Question 21

What are the uses of metal foams?

Answer 21

prosthetics
sound proofing
crash protection in vehicles

Question 22

What are properties of titanium?

Answer 22

high strength-to-weight ratio
corrosion-resistant
can withstand extreme temperatures
expensive

Question 23

What are uses of titanium?

Answer 23

prosthetics
aircraft and spacecraft (due to resistance to corrosion and high strength-to-weight ratio)
often alloyed with other materials

Question 24

What are smart materials?

Answer 24

the properties of smart materials change in response to external stimuli such as stress. temperature, moisture or pH

Question 25

What are 3 smart materials?

Answer 25

shape memory alloys (SMAs) thermochromic pigments photochromic pigments

Question 26

What are shape memory alloys (SMAs)?

Answer 26

metal alloys with memory properties they can return to their original shape after being deformed through heating or applying an electrical current

Question 27

What are thermochromic pigments?

Answer 27

materials that change colour in response to changes in temperature

Question 28

What are photochromic pigments?

Answer 28

change colour in response to light levels can be used in glasses, so the lenses get lighter or darker, depending on light levels

Question 29

What are composite materials?

Answer 29

made from multiple materials, often ones with contrasting properties combining them can lead to the production of new and improved materials

Question 30

What are examples of composite materials?

Answer 30

glass reinforced plastic (GRP) Carbon reinforced plastic (CRP) concrete

Question 31

What is Glass reinforced plastic (GRP)?

Answer 31

combination of glass fibres and polyester resin lightweight, strong and resistant used in boat hulls and car bodies

Question 32

What is carbon reinforced plastic (CRP)?

Answer 32

combination of carbon fibres and epoxy resin more rigid, stronger and lighter than GRP more expensive and brittle as well

Question 33

What are technical textiles?

Answer 33

textiles manufactured for functionality rather than aesthetics

Question 34

What are 3 technical textiles?

Answer 34

Kevlar Conductive textiles Fire-resistant fabrics microfibres

Question 35

What is kevlar?

Answer 35

strong synthetic textile with a high tensile strength-to-weight ratio often used in protective armour

Question 36

What are conductive textiles?

Answer 36

conduct electricity metal fibres either spun into fabric or metal-based powders are impregnated into the fabric

Question 37

What are microfibres?

Answer 37

made of extremely fine synthetic fibres they are breathable and durable making them often used in sporting clothing

Question 38

What are 3 parts all systems are made up of?

Answer 38

input process output

Question 39

What are 4 examples of input devices?

Answer 39

switches LDRs Thermistors pressure sensors

Question 40

What are most processes in electronic systems carried out by?

Answer 40

integrated circuits (ICs)

Question 41

What are integrated circuits?

Answer 41

process devices that can perform multiple tasks, thus reducing the number of components needed in a circuit

Question 42

What are microcontrollers?

Answer 42

a type of IC that is programmed to perform specific tasks in a wide variety of electronic devices it is basically a tiny computer

Question 43

What are the 3 gates in decision making?

Answer 43

not gate and gate or gate

Question 44

What is an example of a not gate in real life?

Answer 44

if emergency button is pressed (1), a treadmill will stop (0)

Question 45

What is an example of an and gate in real life?

Answer 45

if a burglar alarm is turned on (1), and the sensor detects movement (1), the alarm will sound (1)

Question 46

What is an example of an or gate in real life?

Answer 46

if the increase volume button is pressed on the TV (1) or the remote control (1), the volume will increase (1)

Question 47

What are 3 examples of output devices?

Answer 47

buzzers speakers lamps