Design and Technology > STUFF 4 > Flashcards

STUFF 4 Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What are a materials physical properties?

A

the properties that relate to the actual material

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2
Q

What are a materials working properties?

A

properties that relate to how a material responds to external forces and/or conditions

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3
Q

What are 4 physical properties?

A

absorbency
density
fusibility
electrical conductivity
thermal conductivity

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4
Q

What is fusibility?

A

the ability of a material to convert into a molten or liquid state through heating
Materials with a low melting point have high fusibility

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5
Q

What are 5 working properties?

A

strength
hardness
toughness
malleability
ductility
elasticity

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6
Q

What is the difference between hardness and toughness?

A

hardness is the ability of a material to resist wear, abrasion, scratching and denting
toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy without fracturing

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7
Q

What is the difference between paper and boards?

A

paper is below 200 gsm and boards are above

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8
Q

what does gsm stand for?

A

grams per square metre

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9
Q

What are the 5 types of paper?

A

bleed-proof paper
cartridge paper
grid paper
layout paper
tracing paper

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10
Q

What are the physical properties and uses of bleed-proof paper?

A

a smooth, thick paper that prevents ink from seeping and bleeding
quality presentational drawings

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11
Q

What are the physical properties and uses of cartridge paper?

A

creamy white paper, usually with a lightly textured surface
drawings and paintings

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12
Q

What are the physical properties and uses of grid paper?

A

white paper with a printed grid of isometric lines or squares
scale drawings, quick sketches and model-making

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13
Q

What are the physical properties and uses of layout paper?

A

thin, relatively transparent paper with a smooth surface
general design work and sometimes tracing

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14
Q

What are the physical properties and uses of tracing paper?

A

thin, transparent paper with a smooth surface
copying and tracing designs

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15
Q

What are 5 types of boards?

A

card
cardboard
folding boxboard
corrugated cardboard
mounting board

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16
Q

What are the characteristics and uses of card?

A

180-300gsm
available in wide range of colours, sizes and finishes
easy to fold, cut and print on
used for greeting cards, paperback novel covers and simple modelling applications

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17
Q

What are the characteristics and uses of cardboard?

A

available in many different sizes and surface finishes
thickness is >0.3mm
cheap
can be cut, folded and printed on easily
used widely for packaging, can be used to model design ideas

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18
Q

What are the characteristics and uses of folding boxboard?

A

similar in thickness to carboard but more rigid and lightweight
usually has coating on one side to give smoother texture and white colour
low density
used as packaging, particularly for frozen foods, medicines and beauty products

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19
Q

What are the characteristics and uses of corrugated cardboard?

A

lightweight
heat insulating
shock absorbent
made with 2 pieces of card with a fluted middle
difficult to fold
thickness is >3mm
used in takeaway food boxes, e.g. pizza boxes

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20
Q

What are the characteristics and uses of mounting board?

A

rigid
thickness around 1.4mm
smooth surface
white and black most common, but available in multiple colours
used for picture framing mounts and architectural modelling

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21
Q

what are some differences between hardwoods and softwoods?

A

hardwoods come from deciduous trees and softwoods come from coniferous trees
hardwoods grow much slower and are therefore, more scarce and expensive than softwoods
softwoods are also renewable

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22
Q

What are 4 examples of hardwoods?

A

beech
oak
mahogany
balsa
ash
birch
maple
willow

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23
Q

What are 4 examples of softwoods?

A

cedar
scots pine
larch
spruce
douglas fir
yew
western hemlock

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24
Q
A
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25
What are the characteristics and uses of beech?
hard, tough, strong and finishes well warps easily close straight grain expensive pink-ish brown used in flooring, furniture, tool handles
26
What are the characteristics and uses of oak?
very strong, heavy, durable and hard used in flooring, furniture and barrels
27
What are the characteristics and uses of mahogany?
hard, strong, easy to work and resistant to rot fine, straight grain reddish-brown used in flooring, fine furniture, instruments
28
What are the characteristics and uses of balsa?
very light and soft, but has great strength-to-weight ratio straight grain with a distinct velvety feel pale cream to white in colour used in surfboards, construction and aircraft models
29
What are the characteristics and uses of cedar?
contains chemical that makes it durable and resistant to weather short, notable grain light cream to reddish-brown used in outdoor furniture, cupboards, fencing
30
What are the characteristics and uses of scots pine?
easy to work reasonably strong and lightweight straight grain with lot of knots pale to reddish-brown used in furniture, construction, door frames
31
What are the characteristics and uses of larch?
tough and strong easy to work resistant to rot, but prone to splitting yellow to reddish-brown used in decking, cladding and fencing
32
What are the characteristics and uses of spruce?
good strength-to-weight ratio can contain small knots creamy white to pinkish-brown used in construction, stringed musical instruments
33
What are 3 examples of manufactured boards?
medium density fibreboard (MDF) plywood Chipboard
34
What are the characteristics and uses of MDF?
smooth surface easy to paint and finish denser than other manufactured boards produces a lot of hazardous dust used in flat-pack furniture, kitchen units and interior panelling (comes in moisture and fire resistant varieties)
35
What are the characteristics and uses of plywood?
very strong in all directions outside layers are finished with higher-quality veneer must always include an odd number of layers used in construction and furniture, comes in water-resistant marine grades for use in boats
36
What are the characteristics and uses of chipboard?
rough surface and texture so is often covered with veneers to improve appearance low cost but not as strong or durable as other manufactured timbers easily damaged by moisture but comes in water-resistant varieties used for low-cost furniture, kitchen worktops and shelving
37
what is MDF?
woodchips that have been broken down into a pulp, mixed with glue and compressed
38
What is plywood?
alternate layers of wood (veneers) that are glued together at 90 degrees to each other
39
what is chipboard?
small chips of wood are compressed and glued together
40
What are ferrous metals and what are their properties?
contain iron almost all are magnetic unless treated, they rust become harder and stronger, but less malleable as carbon is added
41
What are 3 ferrous metals?
low-carbon steel high-carbon (tool) steel cast iron
42
What are the characteristics and uses of low-carbon steel?
malleable reasonably tough cannot be hardened and tempered cheap but rusts easily 0.01-0.3% carbon used in car bodies, nails and screws
43
What are the characteristics and uses of High-carbon steel?
very hard but brittle difficult to cut and work can be hardened and tempered prone to rust 0.6-1.5% carbon used in drill bits, tools and springs
44
What are the characteristics and uses of cast iron?
hard but brittle resistant to deformation, wear and rust strong under compression but not under tension 2-4% carbon used in manhole covers and car brake discs
45
What are differences between ferrous and non-ferrous metals?
non-ferrous metals do not have iron, are not magnetic, generally more resistant to corrosion and are more expensive
46
What are the characteristics and uses of aluminium?
durable, lightweight and resistant to corrosion good conductor of heat and electricity used in drink cans, aircrafts and foil
47
What are the characteristics and uses of copper?
relatively soft, malleable and ductile great conductor of heat and electricity used in electrical wiring, central heating pipes
48
What are the characteristics and uses of tin?
soft, malleable and ductile high resistance to corrosion low melting point used in tin can coating and solder
49
What are the characteristics and uses of zinc?
weak but malleable once heated high resistance to corrosion has a low melting point used in galvanising
50
What are 3 examples of alloys?
brass stainless steel high-speed steel
51
What are the characteristics and uses of brass?
copper and zinc combined to increase hardness good conductor of electricity resistant to corrosion used in musical instruments, keys and taps
52
What are the characteristics and uses of stainless steel?
iron, carbon and at least 10.5% chromium tough, hard, strong and difficult to cut high resistance to corrosion used in cutlery, surgical equipment and sinks
53
What are the characteristics and uses of high-speed steel?
various elements, e.g. carbon, tungsten and chromium strong and remains hard even when heated can cut at high speeds and temperatures used in cutting tools, power saw blades and drill bits
54
What are the 2 types of polymers?
thermosetting thermoforming
55
What are 4 types of thermosetting plastics?
epoxy resin (ER) Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Urea Formaldehyde (UF)
56
What are the properties and uses of epoxy resin?
hard, brittle and durable good electrical insulator used in adhesives, castings and circuit boards
57
What are the properties and uses of Melamine Formaldehyde?
hard, strong, and highly resistant to heat, light, chemical, fire and wear used in tableware and kitchen worktops
58
What are the properties and uses of Phenol Formaldehyde?
good electrical insulator hard and highly resistant to heat and chemicals used in electrical fittings and saucepan handles
59
What are the properties and uses of Urea Formaldehyde?
hard, brittle and heat resistant good electrical insulator used in electrical fittings and door handles
60
What are 5 examples of thermoforming polymers?
acrylic high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) High-density polyethene (HDPE) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) PET
61
What are the properties and uses of acrylic?
hard, shiny, and resistant to weathering scratches easily used in baths and signs
62
What are the properties and uses of HIPS?
hard, rigid, lightweight and suitable for vacuum forming used in food pots and casings
63
What are the properties and uses of HDPE?
tough, strong, and flexible with good chemical resistance used in buckets, bins and drink bottles
64
What are the properties and uses of PVC?
can be rigid or flexible cheap and durable resistant to weathering used in guttering, raincoats and window sills
65
What are the properties and uses of PET?
tough, strong, lightweight and durable used in drink bottles and food packaging
66
What are textiles?
materials made from natural or synthetic fibres
67
What are natural fibres?
fibres that come from biological sources they are renewable and biodegradable
68
What are synthetic fibres?
polymers manufactured from chemical sources or fossil fuels most synthetic fibres are not sustainable or biodegradable
69
What are 3 examples of natural fibres?
cotton wool silk
70
What is the source of cotton?
cotton plant
71
What is the source of wool?
animal fleece (mainly sheep)
72
What is the source of silk?
silkworm cocoons
73
What are the pros and cons of cotton?
strong, highly absorbent and cool to wear in hot weather easy to dye and wash creases easily, can shrink, is flammable
74
What are the uses of cotton?
clothing, upholstery and towels
75
What are the pros and cons of wool?
soft, warm and absorbent also crease resistant and has low flammability can shrink, takes long time to dry
76
What are the uses of wool?
jumpers, rugs, blankets, coats, carpets
77
What are the pros and cons of silk?
lightweight, smooth and soft expensive, weak when wet and creases easily
78
What are the uses of silk?
dresses, ties, soft furnishings and upholstery
79
What are 3 examples of synthetic fibres?
polyester polyamide (nylon) Elastane (lycra)
80
What are the pros and cons of polyester?
strong, durable, lightweight with low flammability non-absorbent and resistant to creases and biological damage not very warm
81
What are the uses of polyester?
sportswear, raincoats, bedsheets, rope, bedding
82
What are the pros and cons of nylon?
lightweight but strong and heard-wearing crease resistant, warm and non-absorbent easily damaged by sunlight
83
What are the uses of nylon?
ropes, sportswear, tights, swimwear
84
What are the pros and cons of elastane?
smooth, strong, very stretchy keeps its shape well and is crease resistant highly flammable
85
What is elastane used in?
sportwear, swimwear, leggings, underwear
86
What are blended fabrics?
made by spinning multiple types of fibres together to produce yarn
87
What is an example of a blended fabric and why is it better?
polycotton (cotton and polyester) more durable, cheaper and stronger than cotton alone and is less likely to crease or shrink
88
What are woven fabrics?
fabrics made by interlacing two sets of yarn at 90 degrees to each other
89
What are non-woven fabrics?
fabrics that are made directly from fibres that have not been spun into yarns
90
What are the properties and uses of bonded fabrics?
made from webs of fibres that are bonded together with glue or heat fabrics do not fray, but are weak used in disposable cloths, tea bags, clothing
91
What are the properties and uses of felted fabrics?
made from matting wool fibres together by using moisture, heat and pressure it is inelastic and pulls apart easily used in jewellery, hats, crafts, carpet underlay
92
What are knitted fabrics?
fabrics that are made by interlocking (not interlacing) loops of yarn together
93
What are the 2 types of knitted fabrics?
weft knitting warp knitting
94
What are the properties of weft knitting?
stretchy and warm however it can lose its shape and unravel easily
95
What are the properties of warp knitting?
less stretchy than weft-knitted fabrics, but retains its shape better and is less likely to unravel
96
What happens to paper fibres when they are recycled?
they get weaker
97
What are the characteristics of deciduous trees?
found in temperate regions shed their leaves in autumn have broad flat leaves grow relatively slowly
98
What are characteristics of coniferous trees?
needle-like leaves produce cones evergreen well-adapted to cold and dry climates
99
What does PVC stand for?
polyvinyl chloride
100
What does PET stand for?
Polyethylene terephthalate
101
What are anthropometrics?
the science of measuring the size and proportions of the human body
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