stuffy nose

Question 1

what type of hypersensitivity is allergic rhinitis?

Answer 1

IgE mediated type I hypersensitivity

Question 2

what are the two types of rhinitis?

Answer 2

• infective (viral URTI)

- non infective (allregic and non allergic)

Question 3

how can allergic rhinitis be divided?

Answer 3

• intermittent (grass pollen, tree pollen, fungal spored)

- Persistent (house dust mite, cat , dog)

Question 4

how would you class intermittent rhinitis?

Answer 4

symptoms <4 days per week or symptoms for <4 weeks a year

Question 5

how would you class persistent rhinitis?

Answer 5

-symptoms >4 ays per week and >4 weeks duration a year

Question 6

how would you class mild rhinitis?

Answer 6

-normal sleep and no impairement of daily activities, sport, leisure and normal work and school and no troublesome symptoms

Question 7

how would you class moderate-severe rhinitis?

Answer 7

one of more of the below:

• abnormal sleep
• impairement of daily activities, sport, leisure
• missing work or school
• troublesome symptoms

Question 8

what is treatment for allergic rhinitis?

Answer 8

• allergen avoidance
• systemic therapy
• immunotherapy

Question 9

how can worms avoid getting kicked out our immune system?

Question 10

what are nasal polyps often associated with?

Answer 10

non allergic asthma

Question 11

what is the treatment for nasal polyps?

Answer 11

oran then topical steroids

if that doesnt work then surgery

Question 12

how may patients with acute infective rhinosinuvitis present?

Answer 12

facial pain
discharge
nasal blockage

Question 13

what causes acute infective rhinosinuvitis?

Answer 13

98% are viral

Question 14

what is the treatment for acute infective rhinosinuvitis?

Answer 14

• analgesics and decongestants

- if persistent more than a week/worsening add antibiotics

Question 15

what are complications of acute infective rhinosinuvitis?

Answer 15

-can get infections spreading in orbital (this needs referred urgently)

Question 16

what is an infective rhinitis?

Answer 16

rhinosinuvitis

Question 17

what are the non infective non allergic causes for rhinitis?

Answer 17

• vasomotor rhinitis

- polyps

Question 18

what is the management for non infective rhinitis (allergy and non allergic rhinitis)?

Answer 18

-allergen/irritant avoidance
-HDM
-change drug therapy
-decrease alcohol
-topical nasal steroids
+/-antihistamine
topical anticholinergic

Question 19

what is the management for infective rhinosinusitis?

Answer 19

• nasal decongestant
• analgesia
• broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 20

what is orbital cellulitis?

Answer 20

complication of acute sinusitis

Question 21

what is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 21

emergency referral