Substances 2

Question 1

Explain the Psychological causes of Substance abuse disorders?

To not use:

To use:

Answer 1

To not use:
- Fear effects of drug use
- Decision not to use drugs
- Feel confident / high self esteem without drug use

To use:
- To feel good (positive reinforcement)
- To numb pain
- To feel in control
- Other mental illnesses

Question 2

Explain the Social causes of Substance abuse disorders?

Answer 2

A Trigger causes:
- Exposure though media, parents, peers vs no exposure
- Social expectations / norms for use
- family / culture / peers were supportive or unsupportive

Question 3

Explain the Biological causes of Substance abuse disorders?

Answer 3

• Inherited genetic vulnerability
  
  • Body sensitivity to drug (ADH gene)
  • Body ability to metabolize the drug
• Drugs activate neural (“pleasure pathway”) in the brain
• Neuroplasticity increases drug seeking and relapse

Question 4

What was shown in the clip about Jasmine (26f)?

Answer 4

• on Fentanyl (Opioid) & Crack Cocaine,
• Marks from picking on her face
• As a teen her mom worked non stop (would invite friends over and drink / do drugs)
• Stole from grandmother, grandma still loved her (then died 2 weeks later)
• 3 years clean, had a job, got into relationship, then got pregnant - started drugs after having kid being split custody
• Started Oxycodone and Fentanyl
• Then lost split custody
• Stealing / sex work for money for drugs
• Intervention for her

15 months later: Working to be better at her rehab

Question 5

What is the main thing you need for a successful intervention?

Answer 5

A clients full participation

Question 6

Biological treatment for Opioid use disorder:

What is Methadone?

Answer 6

A long-acting opioid agonist that reduces
cravings and withdrawal symptoms

• Withdrawal usually motivates you to start up drug again, so by removing withdrawal, we remove temptation

Question 7

Biological treatment for Opioid use disorder:

What is Buprenorphine?

Answer 7

A partial opioid agonist that helps to alleviate withdrawal and diminish cravings without producing the same high as other opioids.

Another type of opioid used to “cover up” cravings and withdrawal

Question 8

Biological treatment for Opioid use disorder:

What is Naltrexone

Answer 8

An opioid antagonist that blocks the
effects of opioids, reducing the risk of relapse

So if ur taking this opioid and (ex. morphine) you wont feel anything
- Need someones full participation with this cuz they may “forget to take” Naltrexone

Question 9

Biological treatment for Alcohol Use disorder:

What is Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Answer 9

Causes unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed, acting as a deterrent.

• nauseous
• Vomiting

Goal: Remove want to drink

Question 10

Biological treatment for Alcohol Use disorder:

What is Naltrexone?

Answer 10

Helps reduce alcohol cravings and the
rewarding effects of alcohol

(see this also with opioids)

Question 11

Biological treatment for Alcohol Use disorder:

What is Acamprosate?

Answer 11

Helps normalize brain systems disrupted by chronic alcohol exposure and reduce symptoms of protracted withdrawal

• Reduce intensity of withdrawal

Question 12

Biological treatment for Tobacco Use disorder:

What is Nicotine Replacement
Therapy (NRT)?

Answer 12

Available as patches, gum, lozenges, nasal
sprays, or inhalers to reduce withdrawal symptoms

• These often contain nicotine (what we are trying to break is the behavioural habit of smoking)

Question 13

Biological treatment for Tobacco Use disorder:

What is Bupropion (Zyban)?

Answer 13

An antidepressant that helps reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

Often patches first, cuz they only help some ppl
= if they work might give prescription

Question 14

Biological treatment for Tobacco Use disorder:

What is Varenicline (Chantix)?

Answer 14

Reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms by partially stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain.

Question 15

Psychological Treatments for Drug use:

How is Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy
(CBT) used?

Answer 15

*Helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns and behaviors related to substance use.

*Focuses on developing coping strategies to deal with stress and avoid triggers for drug use.

Change thought patterns and behaviours

Question 16

Goals of CBT? (general information)

1. Improved self control
2. Develop coping strategies
3. Avoid triggering environments
4. Better emotional regulation
5. Increased self - awareness and accountability

Answer 16

1. Improved self control
   - Managing impulsive thoughts and behaviours
   - Help reduce impulsive relapse
   - Avoid triggers (avoid parities with drugs)
2. Develop coping strategies
   - Help prevent intense emotional triggers (cause them to do drugs / alcohol)
3. Avoid triggering environments
4. Better emotional regulation
5. Increased self - awareness and accountability
   - Tracking thoughts and behaviours

Question 17

Psychological Treatments for Drug use:

How is Motivational Interviewing used?

Answer 17

A client-centered, directive approach that enhances motivation to change by helping individuals explore and resolve ambivalence about drug use.

*Encourages self-efficacy and
commitment to change

• Helps engage client
• Listen to what they went though, “Are you happy living the rest of your life like this?”
  
  • Knowing they will probably say no
• Help them see they need to change something

After every session, ask how confident they are that they wont take substances
- Will reveal challenges to staying off
- Ex. my ex is dropping off my kids so I might drink after

Question 18

Four processes of Motivational
Interviewing?

(Don’t need to know)

Answer 18

1. Engagement
2. Focusing
3. Evoking
4. Planning

Question 19

Psychological Treatments for Drug use:

How is 12-Step Facilitation Therapy used?

Answer 19

*Supports engagement in 12-step programs
such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or
Narcotics Anonymous (NA).

*Emphasizes acceptance, surrender, and active involvement in group support

• Group format, peer led
• Meet ppl who have experienced similar challenges cuz substances

Don’t have a lot of info on how effective it is

Question 20

Psychological Treatments for Drug use:

How is Dialectical Behaviour Therapy
(DBT) used?

Answer 20

*Originally developed for borderline personality disorder, it is also effective for substance use disorders.

*Combines cognitive- behavioral techniques with mindfulness practices to help individuals manage emotions and reduce self-destructive behaviors

• Help them be more tolerant of negative emotions
• Learn negative emotions will happen, but they will pass

Question 21

Parts of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy
(DBT)

1. Mindfulness
2. Emotional Regulation
3. Distress Tolerance
4. Interpersonal effectiveness

Answer 21

1. Mindfulness
   - Identify what you are feeling, and how it leads to substances
   - What negative emotion is it?
   - Is this the best solution?
2. Emotional Regulation
   - Understanding how u are vulnerable to certain emotions
   -Work on changing emotions
3. Distress Tolerance
   -Managing a crisis “weathering the storm”
4. Interpersonal effectiveness
   -Help maintain relationships

Question 22

Psychological Treatments for Drug use:

How are Drug Rehabilitation Centres used?

Answer 22

*Provides 24/7 care in a residential
setting.

*Offers a highly structured program with medical supervision, especially useful for managing withdrawal symptoms and detoxification.

• often with extreme cases (ex. someone drinks so much alcohol it’d be lethal to take them off cold turkey)

*These programs help manage withdrawal symptoms and stabilize patients by removing drugs from their system in a medically supervised environment

Goal: Education and therapy designed to assist individuals in preventing relapse

Question 23

What is important to note about drug Rehabilitation Centres and maintaining health?

Answer 23

Often need someone on the outside (therapist) to ensure client doesn’t relapse

• Work to stop temptations

Question 24

Ted talk lady, how did she experience alcohol use disorder?

Answer 24

• Very addicted, went cold turkey
• Honeymoon part of it, then withdrawal kicks in (relapsed around 20 times
• Went to rehab, therapy, hypnotherapy, AA, tried basically everything
• Drinking cuz: Physically addicted (no trauma)
• Giant billboard of red wine on her way home (triggered her addiction)
• Genetic predisposition (alcoholics on both sides of family)
• Later: Tried to go cold turkey - seizures (had to go to hospital) (treated her bad so she left)
• Found: Naltrexone shots (stops the rewarding feeling from alcohol)
  • So stops positive reinforcement

Question 25

Why are interventions for kids currently ineffective?

Answer 25

Only target sugar and screentime Should start educating on alcohol cuz a lot of them drink

Question 26

What is Gambling Disorder?

Answer 26

*Problem gamblers display the same types of cravings and dependence as persons who have substance use disorders. *Similar brain systems appear to be involved with those addicted to gambling as seen in persons with substance use disorders - Often do together (substance abuse and gambling)

Question 27

Who is especially at risk for gambling disorder?

Answer 27

Promise of a better tomorrow People who are living a horrible today will be more at risk for gambling

Question 28

Impulse Control Disorders: Explain these three 1. intermittent explosive disorder, 2. kleptomania, 3. pyromania.

Answer 28

1. intermittent explosive disorder, - Out of control anger disorder - Some ppl relate it to bipolar 2. kleptomania, - Stealing 3. pyromania. - Arson