Superpowers 3

Question 1

What are the pre-conditions for Take Off in Rostow’s model?

Answer 1

• Demand for raw materials and trade by external countries
• Rise in construction of infrastructure
• Increase in businesses and FDI
• Shift from agriculture to manufacturing

Families can earn more money from reliable jobs compared to seasonal agriculture affected by extreme weather.

Question 2

During the Take Off stage, what significant changes occur?

Answer 2

• Rapid industrialization
• Surge in employment opportunities
• Increase in productivity
• Potential environmental degradation

This stage can be fueled by relaxed laws and regulations protecting the natural environment.

Question 3

What characterizes the Drive to Maturity stage in Rostow’s model?

Answer 3

• Growth of the economy
• Encouragement of new industries and investment
• Creation of further jobs
• Improvement of services through increased tax

This stage leads to gradually improving living conditions.

Question 4

In Rostow’s opinion, what defines High Mass Consumption countries?

Answer 4

• Capitalistic economies
• Consumers hold valuable opinions
• Goods catered towards markets with disposable income

Families in these countries have the financial means to spend on various goods.

Question 5

Rostow’s Modernisation Theory is closely linked to which model?

Answer 5

Clarke-Fisher’s Model

As a country progresses through stages of modernisation, the composition of its economic industries will change.

Question 6

What is a major criticism of Rostow’s model regarding its basis?

Answer 6

It is based largely on American and European development

This focus ignores the stages of growth other nations may experience, such as Bolivia’s sustainable development.

Question 7

Which country is mentioned as having large reserves of natural resources that allow it to skip some stages of development?

Answer 7

Saudi Arabia

This highlights how resource wealth can alter the typical development trajectory outlined in Rostow’s model.

Question 8

Rostow’s model does not describe a nation that is __________.

Answer 8

declining

Examples of declining states include the USSR post-Cold War and Zimbabwe.

Question 9

What happened to the USSR after the Cold War?

Answer 9

It became bankrupt and disbanded into nations like Ukraine and Belarus

The new Russia faced economic recession and social deprivation.

Question 10

What has limited Zimbabwe’s development for a large period of time?

Answer 10

Corruption in the government

This has affected the country’s development despite its industrial capacity.

Question 11

Rostow’s model considers a country in isolation from the world, ignoring the impact of __________.

Answer 11

international politics or competition for trade

This is a significant limitation in the context of a globalized world.

Question 12

What is a unipolar world?

Answer 12

One country dominates

Example: the USA currently or the British Empire during colonial times.

Question 13

What characterizes a bi-polar world?

Answer 13

Two main superpowers with opposing ideas and ideologies

Example: the USA and USSR during the Cold War.

Question 14

Define a multi-polar world.

Answer 14

Several powers and emerging powers competing for power and global influence

This scenario reflects a shift from a unipolar or bipolar structure.

Question 15

During its peak, the British Empire ruled a quarter of the world’s land and a third of the world’s population.

Answer 15

True

The Royal Navy dominated the world’s oceans and was double the size of Germany’s.

Question 16

The British Empire’s expansion was based on what type of power?

Answer 16

Hard power

It invaded other countries and colonised them to maintain control.

Question 17

During the time of the British Empire, the world was considered _______.

Answer 17

uni-polar

This reflects the dominance of the British Empire in global affairs.