Superpowers 5

Question 1

During the colonial era, empires exploited their colonies for a variety of commodities, including _______.

Answer 1

• sugar
• cotton
• tea

The development of Lancashire was based on the cheap import of cotton from plantations in America.

Question 2

The development of Lancashire was based on the cheap import of cotton from _______.

Answer 2

plantations in America

Cotton was manufactured in large mills through a largely mechanised process.

Question 3

In the context of neo-colonialism, Mozambique has given fishing rights to _______ in return for infrastructure.

Answer 3

China

China has invested over $40 billion into African nations and has 1 million of its people living in Africa.

Question 4

True or false: Local fishermen in Mozambique are benefiting from the fishing rights given to China.

Answer 4

FALSE

Local fishermen are out-competed and have to work for Chinese fishing boats for less money.

Question 5

The IMF and World Bank have been accused of being ‘neo-colonial’ because they provide loans to developing nations with _______.

Answer 5

• high rates of repayment
• conditions if unable to repay

This can trap developing nations in a cycle of debt.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Developing nations become ‘trapped’ in a cycle of debt and have to open their economies to _______.

Answer 6

private companies

Governments lose assets and income, making them even less likely to repay their debts.

Question 8

What years did the Cold War last?

Answer 8

1945 to 1990

The Cold War was characterized by geopolitical tension between the USA and USSR.

Question 9

The USA is based on a capitalist economy. What are its key features?

Answer 9

• Private ownership of property and businesses
• Wages based on supply & demand and skill level
• Right to make a profit and keep it
• Ability to buy and sell goods in a free market with little restriction

Examples of capitalist countries include the USA, UK, France, and Japan.

Question 10

In contrast to capitalism, what are the key features of communism or a centrally-owned economy?

Answer 10

• Government owns land and businesses
• Wages determined by government
• Profits taken by government and invested into services
• Supply of goods controlled by the government

Examples of communist countries include the USSR, China, and Cuba.

Question 11

During the Cold War, the USSR installed communist governments in which regions?

Answer 11

• Eastern Europe
• Poland
• Hungary

These countries were strategically important to the USSR as they provided a ‘shield’ against potential Western attacks.

Question 12

What was the Iron Curtain?

Answer 12

The border between Eastern and Western Europe

It was heavily defended by opposing parties during the Cold War.

Question 13

What military alliance did the countries supporting the USSR form?

Answer 13

Warsaw Pact

This was a military agreement of alliance among communist countries.

Question 14

What military alliance did the USA create during the Cold War?

Answer 14

NATO

NATO was formed to cooperate military powers among the USA and its allies.

Question 15

After 1945, the USA provided billions of dollars’ worth of aid to many European nations to _______.

Answer 15

rebuild after the wars

This aid was part of the USA’s strategy to strengthen its influence in Europe.

Question 16

After 1945, the USA provided billions of dollars worth of aid to which regions to rebuild after the wars?

Answer 16

• European nations
• Japan
• Singapore
• The Philippines

This aid was aimed at preventing these countries from being influenced by communism.

Question 17

The Space Race became a competition between which two superpowers?

Answer 17

• USA
• USSR

Despite the USSR’s early achievements, many believe the USA won after sending Apollo 11 to the moon.

Question 18

True or false: The term ‘cold’ in Cold War refers to large-scale direct fighting between the USA and USSR.

Answer 18

FALSE

The term describes a lack of direct conflict, with both sides supporting opposing proxy wars.

Question 19

Name the two major proxy wars during the Cold War.

Answer 19

• Vietnam War
• Korean War

The USA fought against groups supported by China and the USSR in these conflicts.

Question 20

In the Korean War, which side was supported by the USA?

Answer 20

South Korea

North Korea was supported by China and the USSR.

Question 21

What happened after the collapse of the USSR?

Answer 21

The USA became the global dominating force again

This marked a significant shift in global power dynamics.