“supervision is kind of teaching which involves advising, helping, inspiring, leading and liberating”
jean barret
“supervision is guiding and directing efforts of the employees and other resources to accomplish stated work outputs”
terry and franklin
involves hands-on oversight with immediate interaction
direct supervision
provides broader oversight with less frequent interaction
general supervision
characterized by occasional oversight with periodic checks
intermittent supervision
focuses on administrative tasks and organizational management
administrative supervision
offers strategic guidance and overarching leadership
general direction
overseeing team dynamics and ensuring effective collobartion
team management
assigning tasks to optimize productivity and efficiency
task delegation
evaluationg and enhancing team performance and outcomes
performance monitoring
addressing and resolving workplace disputes effectively
conflict resolution
providing opportunities for skill enhancement and growth
training and development
Refers to the number of subordinates that can be managed effectively and efficiently by supervisord or managers in an organization.
span of control
- Have more levels of reporting in the organization, resulting in a more hierarchical organization.
- Supervisors can spend time with employees and supervise them more closely.
- Creates more development, growth, and advancement opportunities.
narrow span
- More expensive (high cost of management staff, office, etc.)
- More supervisory involvement in work could lead to less empowerment and delegation and more micromanagement.
- Tends to result in communication difficulties and excessive distance between the top and bottom levels in the organization.
narrow span
- Have fewer levels reporting in the organization, resulting in a more flexible, flater organization.
- Ideal for supervisors mainly responsible for answering questions and helping to solve employee’s problems.
- Encourages empowerment of employees by giving more responsibility, delegation, and decision-making power to them
wide span
- Tends to result in greater communication efficiencies and frequent exposure to the top level of the organization.
- This may lead to overloaded supervisors if employees require much task direction, support, and supervision.
- May not provide adequate support to employees leading to decreased morale or job satisfaction
wide span
how supervisors acquire skills
- knowledge phase
- acquisition phase
- automatic phase
learning theoretical knowledge about the skills
knowledge phase
practicing and applying the skills in real situations
acquisition phase
mastering the skills to the point of automaticity
automatic phase
supervision in the imaging department
- operational efficiency
- staff oversight
- equipment maintenance
- regulatory compliance
patient outcomes
departmental success
operational efficiency
training programs
staff support
staff oversight
