synthesis

Question 1

define synthesis

Answer 1

making something desired in more than 2 steps

Question 2

define retrosynthesis

Answer 2

starts at desired end product and works back

Question 3

if the carbon number has increased by 1, what step has to have occurred

Answer 3

nitrile added/substituted onto molecule

Question 4

what 3 things can you do to alcohols in synthesis

Answer 4

oxidation
dehydration
substitution

Question 5

what are typically the last steps in synthesis

Answer 5

making esters, amides

Question 6

how to turn a nitrile into a carboxylic acid or form a carboxylic acid in general

Answer 6

add HCl

Question 7

how to go from alkane to haloalkane

Answer 7

halogen and uv light
by free radical substitution

Question 8

how to form an ester

Answer 8

alcohol and carboxylic acid
condensation reaction

Question 9

from alkene to alkane

Answer 9

H2
nickel catalyst
423k
hydrogenation

Question 10

alkene to haloalkane

Answer 10

halogen or hydrogen halide
room temp
electrophilic addition

Question 11

from alkene to alcohol

Answer 11

steam
H3PO4
high temp and pressure
hydration

Question 12

from primary alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 12

K2Cr2O7
distill
partial oxidation

Question 13

secondary alcohol to ketone

Answer 13

K2Cr2O7
reflux
oxidation

Question 13

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 13

K2Cr2O7
reflux
full oxidation

Question 14

from alcohol to (halide)oalkane

Answer 14

Na(halogen)
H2SO4
substitution

Question 15

alcohol to alkene

Answer 15

conc H2SO4
heat
dehydration

Question 16

from haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 16

NaOH
nucleophilic substitution