System Directories

Question 1

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

Answer 1

■ Defines how files and directories are organized in Linux

■ Provides standard directory names and use cases

■ Ensures consistency across FHS-compliant Linux distributions

■ Structures the filesystem like a tree, beginning with the root directory

Question 2

/boot

Answer 2

■ Stores files needed to start the operating system

              ■ Includes
		● /boot/initrd.img
		● /boot/vmlinuz
		● /boot/grub/grub.cfg
	
          ■ Initializes hardware and loads the operating system
	
         ■ Improper changes can prevent system from booting

Question 3

/bin

Answer 3

■ Contains executable programs required for basic system functionality
■ Used by all users
■ Examples
● /bin/ls
● /bin/cp
● /bin/mv
● /bin/cat

Question 4

/sbin

Answer 4

■ Contains administrative commands used by the root user
■ Supports system-level modifications and tasks
■ Examples
● /sbin/fsck
● /sbin/reboot
● /sbin/iptables
● /sbin/mount

Question 5

/lib – Shared Libraries and Kernel Modules

Answer 5

■ Contains essential shared libraries for programs in /bin and /sbin
■ Examples
● /lib/libc.so.6
● /lib/ld-linux.so.2

Question 6

/dev

Answer 6

■ Contains special files representing hardware devices
■ Allows programs to interact with hardware as files
■ Examples
● /dev/sda
● /dev/tty1
● /dev/null
● /dev/random

Question 7

/proc – Process and System Information

Answer 7

■ Virtual filesystem providing real-time system and process information
■ Dynamically generated files
■ Examples
● /proc/cpuinfo
● /proc/meminfo
● /proc/uptime
● /proc/[PID]/

Question 8

/etc

Answer 8

■ Stores system-wide configuration files

■ Used to control system behavior and application settings

■ Examples
	● /etc/passwd
	● /etc/shadow
	● /etc/hosts
	● /etc/fstab
	● /etc/ssh/sshd_config