What is the definition of takeoff distance on a dry runway?
greater of:
- TOD(N-1 dry): distance from brake release to point 35ft above takeoff surface (assuming critical engine failure at V(EF))
- 1.15 TOD(N) with all engines operating
What is the definition of takeoff distance on a wet runway?
greater of:
- TOD(dry)
- TOD (N-1 wet): Distance from brake release to point 15ft above takeoff surface when wet (V2 must be reached by 35ft and critical engine failure at V(EF))
What is the definition of take off run on a dry runway?
greater of:
- TOR(N-1 dry): distance from brake release to point equidistant between V(LOF) and 35ft
- 1.15 TOR(N dry): distance from brake release to point equidistant between V(LOF) and 35ft
What is the definition of takeoff run on a wet runway?
greater of:
- TOR(N-1 wet): distance from brake release to point at 15ft (ensuring V2 reached by 35ft)
- 1.15 TOR(N wet)
What effect does a clearway have on TOR and TOD for a dry and wet runway?
- Has no effect on takeoff run for any runway
- Provides a longer TODA for a dry runway
- No effect on TODA for a wet runway
What is is the definition of ASD on a dry runway?
greater of:
- ASD(N-1 dry): distance to accelerate to V(EF), 1 sec acceleration to V1, come to a full stop, 2 sec @ V1 speed.
- ASD(N dry): Accelerate to V1, come to a full stop, 2 sec @ V1 speed.
What is the definition of ASD of a wet runway
greater of:
- ASD(dry)
- ASD(N-1 wet)*
- ASD(N wet)*
*Definitions are the same, except the runway is wet
What is the effect on TOD(N-1) and TOR(N-1) if V1 is increased for a given TOW?
Reduces both because the all engine acceleration phase is longer, as so if engine does fail, V2 can be achieved at 35ft sooner
What is the effect on TOD(N) and TOR(N) if V1 is increased for a given TOW?
No effect
What is the effect on ASD(N-1) and ASD(N) if V1 is increased for a given TOW?
Increase in both, because the acceleration phase is longer, and the 2 sec buffer at V1 is a greater distance
What is a balanced field/balanced V1?
When the ability to continue or discontinue the takeoff is equal for a given TOW. Nothing to do with airport characteristics
What is the definition of TORA?
Take-off run available
-The length of the runway declared by airport authority that is suitable for the ground run of a departing aircraft
What is the TODA?
Take-off distance available
-Length of TORA plus any available clearway
What characteristics must a clearway meet?
- Controlled by airport authorities
- Expressed as a clearway plane extending from end of runway with an upward slope of not more than 1.25%
- Minimum width not less than 152m
- Have no protruding objects (threshold lights may protrude 0.66m if they are located to the side of the runway)
- Clearway length cannot exceed half the TORA
What is the ASDA?
Accelerate Stop distance available
-The TORA which may be extended by a Stopway
What characteristics must a Stopway meet?
- At least as wide as RWY and along extended centreline
- Able to support the a/c during aborted takeoff without causing structural damage
- Designated by airport authority for use in decelerating the a/c during aborted take off
What factors will affect the runway length loss due to alignment?
- Angle of taxiway
- Length of aircraft
- Aircraft steering type/max angle
- Design of taxiway
