What is targeting
The process of selecting targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities.
**Targeting is the process of fusing Intel and Ops.
The main objective is to identify resources the enemy can least afford to lose, or those that provide him with the greatest advantage.
Targeting guidelines
- Focused- developed TVA and collection managenment
- Effects Based- Taxonomy, CDE, IO
- Interdisciplinary- fusion, understanding assets
- Systematic- analyzes, prioritizes, assigns (TVA, HPTL
- Directs- Synchronization
Target Characteristics
- Physical- five senses
- Functional- what it does
- Cognitive- how tgt processes info
- environmental- effects on the tgt
- temporal- tgt vulnerability to detection or attack in time.
Types of Targets
Fixed Mobile Human Immediate Time sensitive CoG NSL/RSL HVT HPT
categories of Targets
Deliberate- planned - Scheduled - On-call Dynamic- Targets of opportunity - unplanned- known to exist - unanticipated- unknown, not expected
Challenges of Targeting
- a lot of info
- macro level analysis
- characterize vulnerabilities with enough info to make good tgts
- limited resources
Ways to overcome challenges
- Thorough IPB
- adherence to processes (TVA, CoG, Carver)
- Fusion
- update collection plan
- PIRs are decision points
Targeting Management
Offensive - applies pressure - targets entire movement Precision - effects based and applies operational patience - minimizes collateral disruption, creates good IO - Identifies intel gaps - prioritizes and synergizes
What is tgt development
identifies systems, components, and individual elements to determine the type and duration of action to successfully target
What is vetting?
assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to establish confidence in a target’s characterization
What is validation?
ensures vetted targets meet commander’s guidance and LOW and ROE
When does validation occur within D3A
decide
detect
What is D3A
Decide- tgt dev, TVA, HPT HVT- priorities for collection,based on IPB
Detect-detection means and procedures
Deliver- attack, desired effects
Assess- restrike, feedback
HVT
tgt the enemy commander requires for completion of mission
HPT
tgt whose loss to the enemy will contribute to success of friendly COA
focus of detect
- accurate identifiable requirements for collection systems
focus on HPTs and PIRs
Elements of Target Taxonomy
- Adversary
- Target system- a collection of assets that perform a function
- Target system component-
- target- performs a function
- critical element (HVT) - enable the tgt to perform its primary function
- critical damage point- a particular element of the component that stops the output
examples of target systems
- SOF
- petroleum industry
- electric power
- air defense forces
- LoCs
Non-state actor tgt systems
leadership intel finance ideology communication
what is CoG
source of power that provides moral or physical strength, FoM, will to act
CoG analysis
- Critical Caps- crucial enabler for a CoG to function- usually a verb
- Critical Requirements- an essential condition, resource or means for a CC to be fully operational
- Critical Vulnerabilities (HVTs)- an aspect of a CV vulnerable to attack and will have significant effects
Carver- determine military importance of components
- criticality- importance of tgt
-accessibility- ease in which tgt can be reached
recouperability- ease of replace or repair
vulnerability- ability of action element to tgt with assets
effects on local populace
recognizability
Why TVA
quantifies the relative value of hvts with each other
- focuses, prioritizes and identifies effects
Steps of TVA
- ID threat
- Analyze threat- CoG analysis, taxonomy
- ID HVTs, develop HVTL
- conduct analysis of friendly COA
- analyze HVTL and ID HPTs
- Develop HPTL
