TBI

Question 1

blood brain barrier

Answer 1

maintain microenvironment of brain tissue
regualtion of molecules passing from blood to brain tissue

Question 2

primary brain injury

Answer 2

damage that occurs at time of trauma

Question 3

extradural haematoma

Answer 3

collection of blood between skull and outer layer of dura

Question 4

subdural haematoma

Answer 4

caused by tearing of venous circulation after rapid falls

bleeding between inner layer of dura and arachnoid matter

Question 5

intraventricular haemorrhage

Answer 5

bleeding into ventricles

acute hydrocephaus

Question 6

coup and counter coup injuries

Answer 6

coup- direct trauma
counter- opposite to coup where brain hits back of head

Question 7

aims of medical management

Answer 7

prevent secondary brain injury
manage other injuries
nutrition
prevent further complications such as DVT

Question 8

SECONDARY BRAIN INJURIES

Answer 8

DUE to hypoxaemia

-changes in BBB permability
decrease or increase in blood supply
increase of pressure

Question 9

factors that worsen secondary brain injuries

Answer 9

high intracranial pressure
hypotension
hypoxaemia
hypercpania

Question 10

management of secondary brain injuries

Answer 10

mangae blood pressure
minimise brain metabolism
mechanical ventilation

Question 11

normal intracranial pressure

Answer 11

7-15

Question 12

cause of high ICP

Answer 12

increase blood volume in skull
diffuse cerebral oedema
Increase in CSF
increase cerebral blood flow

Question 13

cerebral perfusion pressure

Answer 13

gradient driving cerebral blood flow

must be maintained between 70-90 mmHg
CPP= MAP-ICP

Question 14

if CPP is low

Answer 14

low oxygen delivery than
hypoxic brain injury

Question 15

respiratory effect on cerebral blood flow

Answer 15

hypercpania causes vasoldilation and too much CBF

hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction and too little

Question 16

aims for post TBI

Answer 16

respiratory aims
musculoskeletal aims
rehab optimise early neurological recovery and function