what are the benefits of technology for performers
Improved facilities/equipment/clothing/footwear/
improved access due to cost reduction
Adapted equipment/prosthetics allow disabled
athletes to compete
Improved analysis of performance/testing more
accurate/GPS tracking
can help injured players get through rehab quicker
how can technology be an advantage for officials
- Ability to be able to review or refer decisions (eg. use of TMO in rugby and Hawkeye in cricket) has meant that decisions tend to be more accurate. Less pressure on the one official to get it right first time around.
- Players have more confidence in the decisions that are made.
- Improved communication between officials through the use of wireless technology.
- Increased accuracy eg. use of timing and measuring devices in athletics.
- Helps officials to make correct decisions eg. use of video
replays in rugby, use of Hawkeye in tennis. - Allows officials to review original decisions and footage and
act accordingly eg. citing players in rugby - Challenge/review systems in tennis and cricket have placed
onus on players – less controversial decisions? Increased
entertainment? - Improved communication between officials has led to more
accurate decisions/ faster - More objective
- Accurate timing.
- Advancements in drug testing.
- Fairness for performer.
- Other.
how can technology be a disadvantage for officials
- Confidence in officials decisions questioned - do
officials now feel they need to refer to technology all
of the time? Loss of respect for the officials’
decisions. - Media can use technology to highlight errors made
by officials. - Technology is not flawless and cannot be used in all
situations. - Cost is prohibitive in all levels of sport apart from the
elite. - Nature of the use of technology means that play is
often disrupted for extended periods of time when
decisions are reviewed. - Technology means officials are under spotlight – can highlight
mistakes that have been made. - Officials feel under pressure to use technology rather than
rely on their own judgement – reduced importance of
officials? - Reduce importance of subjective decisions (officials)
- Expensive – cannot be employed at all levels of the game.
- Inaccurate results
- Other.
- Time/ stoppages during game.
how can GPS and motion tracking help coaches monitor performance
- To monitor performance statistics – physical, technical and
tactical eg. distance, intensity and time - May be used to highlight social loafing eg. pitch coverage.
- Used to identify potential substitutions / establish fatigue
levels of players. - To direct compare the performance of players in real-time or
over a number of weeks. - To detect fatigue in matches and identify periods of most
intense play / health benefits and player welfare. - To establish different activity profiles by position
what is technology doping
the practice go gaining a competitive advantage using sports equipment
what are the reasons for using technology in sports
more objective
look at performance
data rich in terms of qualitative and quantitive
recovery / reduce injury
improved equipment/ marginal gains
collaborative approach to performance
what are the reasons for not using technology in sports
performance is subjective for some performers (eg dance)
too much focus on data
availability and cost of equipment
marginal gains and win at all costs
ownerships of performance
what are the reasons coaches use technology
analysis becomes more objective
clear identification of need
focused approach of training and performance
research opposition and tactics
can support team selection
what are the reasons coaches shouldn’t use technology
analysis also have subjectivity and can be qualitative
KoR instead of KoP
can focus on wring aspect and opposition role than performance
lack human approach
what are some advantages of technology for performers
Gives athletes a competitive advantage in a
sporting world where the difference between
winning and losing can be measured in a
hundredth of a second (or even less).
- Improved training methods – for example using a
watt bike in training shows the performer their
pedal stroke which will enable them to build the
most efficient technique which, allows for a greater
understanding of the technique being used.
- Developments – in sports equipment, clothing and
facilities e.g. FORM smart swim goggles, advances in
tennis rackets (composite frames, ‘sweetspot’
development); cricket and golf technologies such as
batSense and TrackMan and wearable technology
such as Smartwatches; breathable and wicking
fabrics (e.g. GoreTex, Under Armour); swimsuit
design (e.g. Fastskin, Adidas Hydrofoil, Jaked);
running track surfaces and all-weather pitches (3G,
4G, 5G and 6G pitches).
- Sports shoe technology – spikes, innovations in
designs of shoes (Nike Vapourfly trainers and
prototype spikes for example). Comfort and injury
avoidance.
- Improved recovery methods, e.g., hypoxia tents.
- Drug testing – Advances in drug testing procedures
leading to a ‘cleaner’ sport
Improved performance analysis – motion analysis
(linked with biomechanics); game analysis software;
use of GPS trackers. Use of digital video recording to
analysis performance – split-screen analysis, Dartfish,
and framework analysis to analyse strengths and
weaknesses. ‘Real time’ analysis through software
programmes such as Prozone or through the use of
GPS systems attached to performers’ clothing (e.g.,
Under Armour E39 Performance shirt).
- Opportunities – Increased opportunities for people
with disabilities to participate and excel within a
variety of sports e.g., prosthetic devices (e.g.,
Cheetah Flex Foot).
- Safety – Sport has become safer e.g., use of
concussion chips to identify potentially fatal injuries
and the use of protective equipment such as helmets
can help to minimise the chance of injury.
- Personal performance analysis – Can help
performers to assess their strengths and weaknesses
and tailor their training appropriately.
- External performance analysis – Can allow
performers to analyse their opposition to help them
develop more appropriate strategies.
- Instantaneous analysis – Ingestible thermometer
pills allow athletes to send vital information instantly
and whilst training and competing to medical
personnel so it there is any problem in your body, it
can be solved before any accident.
- Nutrition – can be monitored and suitable adjusted
which is particularly prominent in the world of caffeine
supplementation when trying to find the right strategy
to improve performance i.e., amount per kg of body
weight, ingestion time frames and habitual vs non-
habitual use.
- Recovery – performers can use particularly recovery
strategies such as, foam rollers and cryotherapy
chambers to recover better and quicker.
how can technology be a disadvnatge to performers
Cost – Technology is expensive so the concept of
a level playing field is brought into question.
Technology is only available to those athletes (or
indeed countries) who can afford it. Link between
Olympic medal table and the table of ranking
countries by GDP.
- Notion of ‘technological doping’ – FINA banning
of full body swimming suits (impact of the LZR
Speedo swimsuit and subsequent effect of Speedo
as a company) and the more recent sport shoe
debate and the banning of ‘Alphafly’.
- Pressure – Need to constantly break records
(brought about by increased technological
advances) may lead to more pressure in
performers / ‘win at all cost’ mentality (Lombardian
ethic).
Over reliance – There can be an over reliance on
the data produced
- Interpretation – Some data collected can be very
difficult to understand in interpret making it difficult
for performers to make use of the data.
- If equipment is not maintained, then it may become
unreliable and can face interference.
- Security – Data collected can also be
compromised through computing hacking.
- Accuracy – Data collected may not reflect the true
performance i.e., GPS may show lack of
movement, but this does not mean performance is
ineffective.
- Emphasis – Puts the sole focus on winning not
athletic endeavour.
- Time consuming – learning how to operate new
technologies and collecting and analysing data
received.
- Injury – could lead to injury as the technologies
used may force our bodies to do more or lead us to
think we can do more.
how can a coach analyse performance
Qualitative and quantitative approaches to analysing
performance.
* Biomechanical analysis – body position for gymnasts,
golfers swing technique.
* Video analysis: split-screen, slow-motion, and frame
analysis.
* Notational analysis: simple data collection and
computer systems – generate stats – passes
completed, shots on target etc.
* Coach observation: Live information – use in
timeout/end of quarter or half time to feedback.
* Technical tests/skills/drills that generate data for
target setting.
what are some examples of officials technology in cricket
umpire DSR (detection review system) where a team is able to ask for a review of an umpiring decision
snickometre used to graphically analyse sound and video and show fine noise as the ball hits bat
hotspot used with seiko to verify where the ball has made contact
what are some examples of officials technology in tennis
Hawkeye is a computer system used to visually track the trajectory of a ball and display a profile to see if the ball is out or in
challenges system
what are some officials technology in football and rugby
goal line technology used to see if a goal has been scored or not helps to support officials
VAR (video assistant referee) official can ask assistance to check on decision but its doesn’t always work takes to ling and ruins spirit of the game
TMO (television match officials)
how can technology be used for spectators
slow motion replays
split screen
3D TV
camera angles
Hawkeye
drones
choice of matches
live screenings
live timings and speed for races
winning position / ghosting effect
how can social media be a useful technology is sport
engage with fans
marketing
players can increase profile
fans feel more in contact with role models
but
can cause trolling and hate
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diet and nutrition71
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fitness testing48
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Training Methods74
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respiratory system25
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health and fitness21
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cardio vascular system46
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short term response to exercise29
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long term adaptations to exercise8
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Sports Injuries48
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biomechanical movement23
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energy systems45
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muscle fibres28
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fatigue and recovery38
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musculoskeletal system48
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planes and levers36
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technology17
