why do people live near tectonic plates
To get income from farming, tourism, geothermal energy and mining and also as people want to stay with their family
What are all major tectonic plates
Eurasian, african, antarctic, pacific, Indo-Australian, South American, North American
What are all minor tectonic plates
caribbean, philippine, nazca, arabian, scotia, cocos, juan de fuca
what is evidence for continental drift and the idea of pangaea
mesosaurus (coastal reptile cannot swim across oceans) bone’s found in both Southern Africa and Southern South America
How do convection currents work
core is hot=molten gets less dense and rises, as it does it gets cooler=more dense and therefore sinks back down
What is a destructive margin
2 plates collide into each other, more dense one sinks and melts into magama
what can be formed at a destructive margin
composite volcano=fold mountains, viscous magma, deep trench where plates met, earthquakes
what is a constructive margin
when 2 plates move apart from each other
what is formed at a constructive margin
shield volcano (flat and wide, magma burns through the thinning lithosphere)=non-viscous magma, rift valley, earthquakes
what is a conservative margin
when two plates run alongside each other
what is formed at a conservative margin
nothing, only earthquakes occur
What are volcanic hazards produced after an eruption
ash, lava, pyroclastic flows (gas and rock quickly flowing down volcano) and lahars (volcanic landslide/mudflow)
How does an earthquake occur
on a fault line where friction causes plates to get stuck, pressure builds up and the rock will fracture causing seismic waves being released-can cause tsunamis if underwater
What is the focus and epicentre
focus:the point where the earthquake occurs, epicentre:on the surface directly above the focus
What are examples of primary effects of tectonic hazards
deaths, buildings damaged, repair costs, tsunamis destroying homes
What are examples of secondary effects of tectonic hazards
power outage, prisoners escaping, GDP reduced, bridges and road damaged
What are examples of immediate responses
Roads being repaired within 24 hours, international aid, army to prevent looting,
What are examples of long term responses
buildings rebuilt, fix economy by raising taxes, tourist attractions reopened
What are the 3 Ps of hazard management
Prediction, protection and planning
How does prediction work to reduce damage from hazards
scientists predict time and location of hazard, meaning people can evacuate
How does protection work to reduce damage from hazards
Making safe buildings for people to stay in during natural hazard (shock absorbers, tuned mass balance help protect against earthquakes
How does planning work to reduce damage from hazards
More organised evacuation, hazard mapping to avoid risky areas and education
