Medications
Some prescription drugs cause birth defects.
Always consult a doctor before taking medication.
Alcohol/cigs/vapes
Can cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Leads to facial abnormalities, learning disabilities.
Reduces oxygen supply.
Can lead to low birth weight, preterm birth.
Environmental Pollution
Chemicals, lead, mercury can affect organ development.
Infections
Zika, toxoplasmosis, rubella can cause severe birth defects.
Radiation
High-level exposure can damage cells and DNA.
Stress
Chronic stress increases cortisol → low birth weight, premature labour.