Test 1

Question 1

Max Weber

Answer 1

• Idealism
• Rationalism
• Bureaucracy

Question 2

Idealism

Answer 2

Culture is shaped by ideas and values

Question 3

Rationalism

Answer 3

The organization of social and economic life according to the principle of efficiency and on the basis of technical knowledge

Question 4

Bureaucracy

Answer 4

An organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

Question 5

6 Traits of Ideal Bureaucratic Organization

Answer 5

1. Specialization
2. Hierarchy of Offices
3. Rules and Regulations
4. Technical Competence
5. Impersonality
6. Formal, written communication

Question 6

4 Problems with Modern Bureaucracy

Answer 6

1. Alienation - dehumanizing
2. Ritualism - Preoccupation with the rules
3. Inertia - perpetuation of an organization
4. Oligarchy - rule fo the few

Question 7

Sociology

Answer 7

The scientific study of social behavior and human groups

Question 8

Aguste Comte

Answer 8

• “Father of Sociology”
• Shows how people interact and how groups differ
• Shows how social units affect human behavior
• Understand forces that affect us

Question 9

The Sociological Imagination

Answer 9

• C Wright Mills
• The ability to distinguish between an individual and the wider society, both in today and in the past

Question 10

4 Areas of Social Change that Propelled Sociology

Answer 10

1. Scientific Revolution
2. Industrial Technology
3. Urban Growth
4. Political Change

Question 11

4 Benefits of the Sociological Perspective

Answer 11

1. Challenges familiar understandings of ourselves and of others
2. Allows us to recognize both the opportunities and the constraints that characterize our lives
3. Empowers us to be active participants in our society
4. Helps us to recognize human diversity and to confront the challenges of living in a diverse world

Question 12

Concept

Answer 12

An abstract idea that represents some aspects fo the world

Question 13

Theory

Answer 13

A set of statements that seek to explain problems, actions, or behavior

Question 14

Theoretical Perspective/Paradigm

Answer 14

A set of fundamental assumptions that guides thinking and research

Question 15

3 Sociological Perspectives

Answer 15

1. Structural Functionalism
2. Social Conflict
3. Symbolic Interactionist

Question 16

3 Problems with the Sociological Perspective

Answer 16

1. Does not explain every individuals behavior
2. Society is always changing
3. The sociological perspective can be discomforting at times

Question 17

Structural Functionalism

Answer 17

• Based on the assumption that society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability - cooperation
• Social order and Stability
• Interdependent groups pursuing common goals
• Social consensus
• Focuses too much on social unity/stability, ignores social inequality/change

Question 18

Social Conflict

Answer 18

• Based on the assumption that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generates social change
• Conflicting groups each pursuing its own interests
• Through coercion, social order is imposed by powerful on the weak
• Social conflict, bourgeoisie => Proletariat
• Focuses too much on social inequality/change, ignores social unity/stability

Question 19

Symbolic Interaction

Answer 19

• Based on the view that society is the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
• Interaction between individuals
• Composed of individuals whose actions depend on interpreting each other’s behavior
• Actions and reactions
• Definition of the situation
• Ignores large structures and overlooks large-scape problems

Question 20

Macro-Level Orientation

Answer 20

• A concern with large-scale patterns that characterize society as a whole
• Structural Functionalism and Social Conflict

Question 21

Micro-Level Orientation

Answer 21

• A concern with small scale patterns of social interaction in specific settings
• Symbolic Interaction

Question 22

4 Approaches to Data/Research

Answer 22

1. The Awestruck
2. The Naïve
3. The Cynical
4. The Critic

Question 23

The Awestruck

Answer 23

• Do not understand/care where information came from
• Blindly accept numbers and other information as having magic quality

Question 24

The Naïve

Answer 24

• Slightly more sophisticated than awestruck
• Can understand basics like mean/percentages, but can become confused easily especially by big numbers
• Do not question data and assume validity
• Sometimes pass along flawed data

Question 25

The Cynical

Answer 25

* Suspicious, negative or even hostile of all data/research * "You can prove anything with statistics" attitude * See research as flawed and simply as a means to promote agenda * Point out flaws to opponents research while rarely examining research that promotes flavored cause * Often are a source of flawed data

Question 26

The Critical

Answer 26

* Approach data/research thoughtfully * Avoid naïve acceptance and cynical rejection * Attempt to evaluate data/research and distinguish between good (but never perfect) information and heavily flawed findings * Use data/research but appreciate limitations

Question 27

Scientific Method

Answer 27

A systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem 1. Define Problem 2. Review Literature 3. Formulate Hypothess 4. Collect and Analyze Data 1. Select Sample 2. Ensure Validity and Reliability 5. Developing the Conclusion

Question 28

Biological Metaphor

Answer 28

Structural Functionalism

Question 29

Feminist Perspective

Answer 29

Social conflict

Question 30

Applied/Clinical Sociology

Answer 30

Apply the discipline of sociology to the solution of practical problems in human behavior and organizations.

Question 31

Basic Sociology

Answer 31

Sociological inquiry that seeks only a deeper knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena