Test 4

Question 1

Global Perspectie

Answer 1

A view of the larger world and our society’s place in it.

Question 2

3 Reasons Global Perspective is Important

Answer 2

1. Societies all over the world are increasingly interconnected, making for traditional distinctions between “us” and “them” less and less valid. 2. Many human problems in US are far more serious elsewhere 3. Studying other societies is a way to learn more about ourselves

Question 3

Globalization

Answer 3

The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.

Question 4

Amount of Global Inequality

Answer 4

Richest 20% earn 77% of global income Poorest 40% earns 5% of global income Richest 20% holds 84% of global wealth Poorest holds 2% of global wealth

Question 5

Characteristics of the most developed countries

Answer 5

Industrial nations that are relatively rich (high income countries) -Per capita income of at least $10000 - 4/5 world’s income earned in high income countries (1 billion ppl) - US, Hungary, Canada, Japan, W. Europe -64 of 194 nations -25% land -22% people -75% in cities

Question 6

Characteristics of less developed countries

Answer 6

Nations characterized by limited industrialization and moderate to low personal income (middle income) - Per capita between 3-10K (20% global income) - China, India, turkey, Brazil, E. Europe - 73 nations - 55% land - 59% ppl - 2/3 in cities

Question 7

Characteristics of least developed countries

Answer 7

Nations with little industrialization in which severe poverty is the rule (low income countries). - Per capita income below 3K - Haiti, Ethiopia, Sierra Leone - 57 nations -20% land - 19% people - 1/3 live in cities

Question 8

Possible causes of existence of rich countries

Answer 8

1. Cultural Differences (caste systems in some countries hold them back) 2. Distribution of natural resources

Question 9

Wallenstein’s World System Approach

Answer 9

World System: Global economy as an interdependent system of economically and politically unequal nations.

Question 10

3 Classes of the World in Wallenstein’s World System Approach

Answer 10

1. Core countries: World’s upper class (most developed, high income) 2. Semiperipherial countries: middle class 3. Peripheral countries: lower class

Question 11

2 Explanations of Global Inequality

Answer 11

1. Modernization Theory 2. Dependency Theory

Question 12

Modernization Theory (Rastow)

Answer 12

A functionalist approach that purposes that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of the people in the developing nation - A model of economic development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences among societies.

Question 13

Rastow’s 4 Stages of Modernization

Answer 13

1) traditional stage -little, low end tech 2) take off stage - more, low end tech 3) drive to technological m2 aturity - higher end tech (China) 4) high mass consumption: buy high end tech (us)

Question 14

4 Roles of Rich Nations

Answer 14

1) Assisting in population control 2) Increasing food production 3) Introducing industrial technology 4) Providing foreign aid.

Question 15

Dependency Theory

Answer 15

An approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing nations for their own gains. - Model of economic development that explain global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor societies by rich societies

Question 16

3 Factors Assuring Dependency

Answer 16

1) narrow, export-oriented economies 2) lack of industrial capacity 3) foreign debt

Question 17

Sex

Answer 17

Biological Distinction between males and females - Males = XY - Females = XX BIOLOGICAL

Question 18

Sexual Orientation

Answer 18

The manner in which people experience sexual arousal and achieve sexual pleasure Examples: Asexual, bisexual, homosexual, hetrosexual

Question 19

Gender

Answer 19

The significance a society attaches to biological categories of male and female Cultural Consideration Learned

Question 20

Adrogyny

Answer 20

The combination of masculine and feminine characteristics

Question 21

Gender Role

Answer 21

The expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

Question 22

4 Sources of Gender Socialization

Answer 22

1. Family 2. Peer Group 3. Education 4. Mass Media

Question 23

Beauty Myth

Answer 23

The belief that a “successful” woman is a woman who embraces traditional notions of femininity especially the traditional standards of physical appearance

Question 24

3 Elements of the Beauty Myth

Answer 24

1. Society teaches women to measure their importance in terms of their physical appearance yet society sets unrealistic standards of beauty 2. Men assess women’s beauty which drives women toward living to please men 3. Men are primed to seek and possess physically attractive women

Question 25

Gender Stratification

Answer 25

The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between two sexes.

Question 26

Minority

Answer 26

A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control over their lives than members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs.

Question 27

Subordinate (?)

Answer 27

Any category of people characterized by physical or cultural differences, that a society sets apart and subordinates

Question 28

Sexism

Answer 28

The ideology that one sex is superior to the other

Question 29

Matrix of Domination

Answer 29

The cumulative impact of oppression because of race and ethnicity, gender and social class as well as religion, sexual orientation, disability, age, and citizenship status.

Question 30

% of women and men working for an income

Answer 30

In 1950: 34% women, 84% men In 2010: 59% women, 71% men

Question 31

Difference in wages between men and women

Answer 31

Women = $35,568 Men = $43,264 In the US, $1 earned by a male = women earn 82 cents 73 cents in Utah 90 cents in California/ Nevada

Question 32

Title IX

Answer 32

Federal legislation passed in 1972 mandating equal opportunities regardless of sex in academic and athletic programs. Proportion of students that are female matches proportion of all athletes Overall budget should be proportional to proportion of females

Question 33

3 Reasons for Gender Difference in Earnings

Answer 33

1. Type of Work - Pink Collar Occupations - Comparable work 2. Family Responsibilities 3. Discrimination Sexual harassment

Question 34

Sexual Harassment

Answer 34

Comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that is deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome

Question 35

Housework

Answer 35

Unpaid work of maintaining a household and caring for children (if present)

Question 36

Second Shift

Answer 36

Doing unpaid housework in addition to working for an income (first shift)

Question 37

Division of Housework between males and females

Answer 37

Has remained stable even though more women have entered into the paid workforce Overall, women do 6.2 hours more housework than men