Test 1

Question 1

1. Four major factors involved in judging psychopathology (e.g., what is normal vs. what is abnormal)?

Answer 1

distress, dangerous, deviance, dysfunction

Question 2

2. What is cultural relativism and how does it differ from cultural universality?

Answer 2

cultural relativism- expression of behaviors depend on lifestyle and culture
cultural universality- symptoms of mental disorders are independent of culture

Question 3

3. Which mental disorder has the highest life time prevalence?

Answer 3

Anxiety

Question 4

1. What are the 4 dimensions of multipath model?

Answer 4

social, sociocultural, psychological, biological

Question 5

2. What are the 4 major psychological perspectives?

Answer 5

psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive behavior, humanistic existential

Question 6

3. What 2 brain structures in the limbic system are associated with emotion and memory?

Answer 6

amygdala, hippocampus

Question 7

4. Examples of behavioral models

Answer 7

operant conditioning (training a rabbit with reinforcements), classical conditioning (pavlov’s dog), observable learning (bobo doll)

Question 8

5. Maslows concept of ____ is the inherent tendency to strive toward the realization of ones full potential (the triangle of needs)

Answer 8

self- actualization

Question 9

6. Criticism of humanistic existential therapies

Answer 9

fuzzy, ambiguous
lack of scientific grounding
rely on peoples unique, subjective experiences
do not explain many mental disorders

Question 10

1. ____ is the degree to which a test or procedure yields the same result repeatedly under the same circumstances

Answer 10

reliabilty

Question 11

2. ___ is the extent to which a procedure actually performs its designed function

Answer 11

validity

Question 12

3. what are some examples of projective personality tests (more ambiguous)

Answer 12

TAT, Rorschach technique, draw-a-person, sentence-completion test

Question 13

4. Examples of self report inventories

Answer 13

MMPI, Beck, deoression inventory (BDI)

Question 14

5. Objections to classification and labeling

Answer 14

labeling can lead to overgeneralization, stigma and sterotype
may lead a person to believe they possess chraracteristics associated with the label
social systems often require a label, but mental health labels do not provide how to treat them

Question 15

1. independent variable **identify each one

Answer 15

manipulated variable to determine effect on a dependent variable

Question 16

2. dependent variable

Answer 16

expected to change when an independent variable is manipulated in a psychological experiment

Question 17

3. what is a double blind study design?

Answer 17

participant and researcher are both unaware of the experimental conditions

Question 18

4. What are the 3 fundamental ethical principles for using human subjects in the Belmont research

Answer 18

beneficence, respect for others, justice

Question 19

5. Correlation vs causation

Answer 19

correlation does not mean causation.
positive correlation= both are going up
negative correlation= one goes up while other goes down

Question 20

1. 3 factors that differentiate healthy fear from an anxiety disorder

Answer 20

unfounded fear
produces clinically significant distress or life impairment
symptoms interefere with an individuals day to day functioning

Question 21

2. What neurotransmitter is linked to depression and anxiety?

Answer 21

serotonin (SSRI)

Question 22

3. What is anxiety sensitivity?

Answer 22

tendency to interpret psychological changes in your body as danger

Question 23

4. What are 3 core symptoms of hoarding disorder?

Answer 23

excessive clutter
urge to save
difficulty discarding

Question 24

5. What disorder is being described in the model of positive feedback loop?

Answer 24

panic disorder

Question 25

6. What distinguishes generalized anxiety disorder from a specific phobia?

Answer 25

a. Specific phobia- extreme fear of a specific object b. GAD- persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive, hard to control worry over life circumstances (worst life outcomes)

Question 26

7. What are obsessions vs compulsions

Answer 26

obsession- thought compulsion- action to reduce the thought a. Obsessions- consistent, anxiety producing thoughts or images b. Compulsion- behavior you do to reduce the anxiety

Question 27

8. A-B-C worksheets help with what therapeutic strategy?

Answer 27

cognitive reconstructing (things happen, thoughts, emotions)

Question 28

9. Three components of the cognitive behavioral model

Answer 28

emotion, behavior, thought