Test 2

Question 1

Emphysema (COPD)

Answer 1

• Usually thin
• Sometimes a pink color to their skin (polycythemia)
• Pursed lip breathing (positives end expiratory pressure (PEEP))
• Wheezing or diminished lung sounds
• Dry cough
• May see home O2
• May have a history of smoking
• Chronically short of breath

Question 2

COPD

Question 3

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 3

-Usually heavier
- Sometimes a bluish color to their skin
- Exessice sputum production
- May see home O2
- Chornically short of breath
- Rhonchi or diminished lung sounds

Question 4

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 4

• Acute onset of UNEXPLAINED shortness of breath
• Clear or possibly crackles for lung sounds
• Recent history or surgery, sedentary life style or birth control pill

Question 5

Pneumonia

Answer 5

• Fever
• Productive cough
• Diminished or rhonchi for lung sounds
• Recent history or illness
• Green or yellow sputum production
• Painful to breath
• Tachypnea

Question 6

Pulmonary edema

Answer 6

• May have a history of heart disease
• Acute onset of shortness of breath
• Crackles for lung sounds
• Pink frothy sputum in severe cases
• May suffer from orthopnea (Inability to lay flat)
• May see JVB (CHF)
• May also see pedal edema (CHF)
• Exertional dyspnea
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia

Question 7

Asthma

Answer 7

• Acute onset of shortness of breath
• History of asthma
• Wheezing lung sounds (ominous if you hear no lung sounds)
• Tripoding
• Accessory muscle use
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia

Question 8

Pneumothorax

Answer 8

• Shortness of breath
• Pinpoint pain
• Diminished lung sounds
• Usually caused by penetrating trauam but can be a result of blunt force trauma
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia

Question 9

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 9

• JVD
• Tracheal deviation
• Absent lung sounds
• Hypotension
• Poor skin signs
• Severe shortness of breath
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia

Question 10

Hyperventilation

Answer 10

• Rapid shallow (Sometimes) deep respirations
• Carpal pedal spasms
• Numbness and tingling (Especially to the face and extremities)
• Situation causing emotional upset
• May lead to a syncopal episode

Question 11

Nasal Canula

Answer 11

• 2-6LPM
• Low flow oxygen

Question 12

Non Rebreather mask

Answer 12

• 10-15 LPM
• High flow oxygen

Question 13

Bag valve mask

Answer 13

• 10-25 LPM
• assisting in ventilations

Question 14

Flow restrictive Oxygen Powered Ventilation Device

Question 15

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 15

• Chest discomfort
• Non provoked
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea and or vomiting
• Unrelieved with rest/ NTG
• Poor skin signs
• Hypotension
• Pulmonary edema
• JVD

Question 16

Angina Pectoris

Answer 16

• Chest discomfort radiating to Left arm or neck
• cool, clammy skins , sweating profusely
• Provoked by exertion
• Low flow O2 (>94% O2 Sat)
• Relieved with rest and NTG

Question 17

Nitroglycerine

Answer 17

• NTG
• indication: chest pain/ discomfort; patient has prescription
• contradictions: Viagra in past 24h, HR less than 50 or more than 100 BPM; 3 doses have been taken
• Side affects: headache, BP drop, change in pulse rate

Question 18

Metered Dose Inhaler

Question 19

Oral Glucose

Question 20

5 patient rights

Answer 20

• Right patient
• Right drug
• Right dose
• Right route
• Right time

Question 22

Hyperglycemia

Answer 22

• Maybe altered
• Warm dry skins
• Kussmaul respirations
• Fruity odor on breath
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Polyphagia
• High blood sugar
• Caused by not enough insulin to transport sugar

Question 22

Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

Answer 22

• ALOC
• Slurred speech
• Unresponsive
• Severe headache
• New onset of seizures
• Hemiparesis
• Blurred vision
• Nausea vomiting
• Facial droop
• May have airway compromise
• Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
• Los Angeles prehospital Stroke Screen

Question 22

Seizures

Answer 22

• Tonic/ Clonic type movement (grand mal)
• “gazing off into space”
• If a baby may be described as becoming “stiff” and turning “blue”
• Maybe a febrile in nature
• Protect the airway
• Provide oxygen
• Cool down is febrile in nature
• Maybe by trauma or CVA

Question 22

Hypoglycemia

Answer 22

- Insulin shock (EMERGENCY) - rapid onset - ALOC/ unresponsive - Maybe combative - Pale, cool skins - Known diabetic - Labored respirations - Normal BP, pulse - Low blood sugar (<60) - Caused by too much insulin, too little food, too much exercise/ stress

Question 22

5 Patient Rights

Answer 22

- Right patient - Right drug - Right dose - Right route - Right time

Question 23

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer 23

- Symptoms same as hyperglycemia but blood sugar is above 600 - Slow onset - Dry warm skins - Acetone breath (fruity odor) - Dehydrated - Hypotensive - Tachycardia - Nausea, vomiting - Pain - ALOC (eventually)

Question 24

TIA

Answer 24

- Slurred speech - Facial droop - Hemiparesis - Blurred vision - Symptoms relieved within 24 hours but usually within minutes

Question 25

Appendicitis

Answer 25

- Inflammation of appendix/ infection - Can lead to rupture, peritonitis, and shock - Umbilical pain becoming localized to RLQ - Fever - Nausea/ vomiting - Hypotensive - Rebound tenderness upon palpation - Poor skin signs - Positive Markle (pain in RLQ)

Question 25

Status Epilepticus

Answer 25

- Life threatening - Seizure lasting 5 or more minutes or occur consecutively without regaining consciousness - Manage their airway and breathing

Question 25

AEIOU TIPS

Answer 25

- Alcohol - Epilepsy - Insulin - Overdose - Urmia - Trauma - Infection - Psych - Stroke

Question 26

Cholecystitis

Answer 26

- Inflammation of gallbladder/ gallstones - RUQ pain/ epigastric with referred pain to right shoulder - Intense pain, will projectile vomit - Usually occurs at night and with ingestion of fatty foods - Tenderness to RUQ - Belching/ heartburn - Nausea/ vomiting (green) - More common in ages 30-50

Question 27

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Question 28

Gastrointestinal bleed

Question 29

Peritonitis

Answer 29

- Inflammation of the peritoneum - Abdominal pain or tenderness - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea - Fever and chills - Positive Markle - DOES NOT WANT TO MOVE

Question 30

Pancreatitis

Answer 30

- Inflammation of pancreas/ infection, alcohol ingestion, gallstones - Abdominal pain in epigastric region - Nausea/ vomiting - Abdominal tenderness/ distention - Mild jaundice - Severe abdominal pain that may radiate from umbilical to back of shoulder - Fever - Tachycardia - Shock

Question 31

Esophageal varices

Question 32

Intestinal obstruction

Question 33

Glucagon

Answer 33

- Converts glycogen into glucose - Produced in pancreas

Question 34

Glycogen

Answer 34

- Stores unused glucose - Stores many simple glucose molecules together in the liver

Question 35

Insulin

Answer 35

- Moves glucose/ sugar into cells - Secreted when glucose levels are high - Produced in pancreas

Question 36

Normal blood sugar

Answer 36

70- 140 mg/dl

Question 37

Diabetes

Answer 37

- Absolute/ relative lack of insulin in the body - Characterized by: Deficiency of insulin/ inability of the body to respond to insulin

Question 38

Atherosclerosis

Answer 38

- Fatty plaque build up

Question 39

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 39

- Hardening of the arteries, mostly due to age

Question 40

Right sided Heart Failure

Answer 40

- Systemic side - Cannot pump blood to the lungs - From right ventricle AMI or pulmonary hypertension - Lower extremity edema - JVD - Abdominal distension - Sit up/ dangle legs - High flow O2