EMT 106 > TEST 4 > Flashcards

TEST 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Facial/ Head injuries

A
  • Airway compromise
  • Watch LOC (changes for worse can mean rise in ICP)
  • Nausea/ vomiting
  • ALOC
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2
Q

Neck injuries

A
  • Airway compromise
  • Breathing compromise (C 3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive)
  • Neuro compromise
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3
Q

Chest injuries

A
  • Breathing compromise
  • Bleeding compromise
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4
Q

Abdominal injuries

A
  • Bleeding compromise (spleen or liver)
  • Sepsis
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5
Q

Pelvic injuries

A
  • Bleeding compromise
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6
Q

Extremities

A
  • Femurs bleeding compromise
  • Threat to limb
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7
Q

Back

A
  • Bleeding compromise
  • Breathing compromise
  • Neuro compromise (priapism)
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8
Q

SXSX of Basilar skull fracture

A
  • Bleeding/ fluid coming from the ears or nose
  • Possible ALOC
  • Battle signs
  • Raccoon eyes
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9
Q

SXSX of Epidural bleed

A
  • Possible loss of consciousness initially then awakens with a lucid interval followed by loss of consciousness
  • NO loss of consciousness with a lucid interval followed by loss of consciousness
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10
Q

SXSX of Subdural bleed

A
  • Loss of consciousness or ALOC
  • Result of venous bleeding
  • Most common type of severe close head injury
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11
Q

SXSX of Intracranial pressure

A
  • ALOC
  • Rising blood pressure
  • Irregular respirations (Cheyne stokes)
  • Bradycardia
  • Unequal pupils
  • Posturing (decorticate or decerebrate)
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12
Q

Cushing’s triad

A
  • Hypertension with widening pulse pressures
  • Bradycardia
  • Irregular respirations
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13
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A
  • Fluid issue
  • Blood loss (hemorrhagic)
  • Burn
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14
Q

Obstructive shock

A
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Tension Pneumothorax
  • Pericardial tamponade
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15
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A
  • Pump issue
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16
Q

Distributive shock

A
  • Vessel issue
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Neurogenic
  • Septic
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17
Q

Compensated shock

A
  • Body is trying to correct the cardiac output drop
  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnea
  • Restless
  • Pale, cool, diaphoretic
  • GOOD BP
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18
Q

Decompensated shock

A

-Compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain perfusion and BP
- Tachycardia (120-140)
- Tachypnea
- Altered/ agitated
- Pale, cool, diaphoretic
- POOR BP/ hypotensive
(LAST SIGN TO DROP)

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19
Q

How to control Venous bleeding

A
  • Direct pressure
  • Bandage
  • Treat for shock
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20
Q

How to control Arterial or any major hemorrhage

A
  • Direct pressure
  • Tourniquet
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21
Q

PASG- Pneumatic Antishock Garmet

A
  • Only National Registry
    Indications:
    Contradictions:
    -
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22
Q

Tendon

A

Attaches muscle to bone

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23
Q

Ligament

A

Attaches bone to bone

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24
Q

Cartilage

A

Cushion

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25
Types of fractures
- Greenstick - Transverse - Pathological
26
Greenstick
- Bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking into separate pieces - Common in children - "GREEN" like green wood, bends instead of snaps
27
Transverse
- Breaks straight across the bone
28
Pathological
Osteoporosis - Degenerative bone disorder associated with loss of minerals from the bone - Disease process - Possible that a bone broke, causing the fall instead instead of the other way around
29
Sprain
- Injury to MUSCLE or a muscle/ tendon - Overextension or overstretching SXSX: - pain on palpation - no edema or discoloration
30
Strain
- Injury to a joint - Damage or tearing to CONNECTIVE tissue SXSX: - immediate pain and swelling - discoloration after several hours
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Dislocation
- Displacement of a bone from it normal position in a joint
32
Fracture OPEN
- COMPOUND - break in the skin
33
Fracture CLOSED
- SIMPLE - No break in the skin
34
Impaled objects
35
Avulsion
- Loose flap of skin - Partial (still attached) or Complete (unattached) - If complete, wrap in sterile dressing, put on ice and transport with patient to ER
36
Abrasion
- Scraping, rubbing, or shearing away of the epidermis
37
Contusion
- Bruise - aka Ecchymosis
38
Laceration
- Regular or irregular break in the skin of varying depth
39
Hematoma
- Similar to contusion - Usually involves larger blood vessel
40
Crepitus
41
What are the 6 P's
- Pain - Pallor - Pressure - Pulses - Paranesthesia - Paralysis
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Tension Pneumothorax
- Compressing heart and other lung - Shortness of breath - Absent lung sounds on affected side - ALOC - Hypotension - Tracheal deviation - Difficult to ventilate (poor ventilatory compliance)
43
Pulmonary Contusion
- Shortness of breath - Hypotension - Altered lung sound - Clear or diminished lung sounds - Type of injury is caused by blunt force trauma
44
Commotio Cordis
- Condition we hear about on TV when a young athlete goes into cardiac arrest after being struck in the chest (Blunt force trauma)
45
Cardiac Temponade
- Narrowing pulse pressure - Hypotension - Pulsus Paradoxus - Becks triad: 1. Low BP 2. Distension of jugular veins 3. decreased or muffled heart sounds
46
Cardiac Contusion
- Blunt force trauma to the chest - Irregular pulse (with no previous history of irregular pulse)
47
Flail Segment
- Closed chest injur - 2 or more consecutive ribs broking in 2 or more places - Paradoxical movement
48
Penetrating/ Sucking chest wound
- Seal with occlusive dressing
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Traumatic Asphyxia
- Result of blunt force trauma to the chest - See ling of demarcation and petechiae above injury site
50
GCS- Glasgow coma Scale
- Eye opening (1- 4) - Verbal response (1-5) - Motor response (1-6)
51
GCS rating
- 13-15= MILD - 9- 12= MODERATE - 3-8 = SEVERE
52
How to treat Evisceration
- Control bleeding -Cover with saline soaked sterile dressing and the cover with occlusive dressings - DO NOT place eviscerated part back into abdomen
53
General Rules for Splinting
- Check PMS before and after - Immobilize joint ABOVE and BELOW injury - Remove/ cut away clothing around injury - Cover wounds before splinting - Try to splint before moving patients - No pulse? try to align the limb (EXCEPT FOR: wrist, elbow, knee, hi, or shoulder)
54
Causes for shock
- Inadequate blood volume - Inadequate pump function - Inadequate vessel tone
55
Inadequate Volume
- Fluid loss leading to decreased perfusion - Hemorrhage - Excessive vomiting/ diarrhea - Burns
56
Inadequate Pump Function
- Inability of pump to provide perfusion - Cardiogenic shock - Cardiac Tamponade - Tension Pneumothorax
57
Inadequate Vessel Tone
- Vasodilation leading to reduced blood pressure - Anaphylaxis - Septic shock - Neurogenic shock
58
Categories of shock
- Hypovolemic - Cardiogenic - Distributive - Obstructive
59
Hemorrhagic shock
- Loss of whole blood - includes not only volume, but oxygen carrying capacities as well
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Non- Hemorrhagic shock
- Loss of plasma and water - Oxygen carrying abilities are still available -Dehydration/ HX of recent illness - Poor skin turgor
61
Burn shock
- Non-hemorrhagic - Damaged capillaries leak plasma into interstitial spaces - Swelling - Onset may take hours
62
Septic shock
- Distributive - Massive infection leading to wide spread vasodilation - Skins may be flushed/ hot/ dry Sepsis SXSX: - Temp > 100.9 or <96.88 - Heart rate >90 beats pm - Resp rate >20 breaths pm - Altered mental status - Blood sugar <120 mg/dl
63
Neurogenic shock
- Spinal injury leading to loss of sympathetic vessel tone - Loss of muscle tone below injury site - Paralysis - Priapism - Hypotension - Possibly normal skins - Heart rate may be with in normal limits
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Cardiogenic shock
- Pump failure - Chest pain - Shortness of breath - Rales (if CHF) - Hypotension - Pale/ cool/ diaphoretic - Tachycardia
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Multiple End Organ Failure
- Aka irreversible shock - Progressed to where patient outcome is Death - Unresponsive - Extreme tachycardia or bradycardia - Absent peripheral pulses - May be extremely hypotensive - Cool, cyanotic skins
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Treatments for shock
- Airway/ High flow O2 - Control bleeding - Maintain body temp/ keep warm - Supine position - ALS for non-hemorrhagic types of shock - Epipen in anaphylaxis
67
TBI/ ICP SXSX
- Blown pupil on one side - Weakness or paralysis - Severe changes in mental status - Non- purposeful mov't - Decorticate - Decerebrate - Cheyne- stokes - Crushing Reflex: high BP, slow pulse, resp pattern
68
Epidural Hematoma
- Hematoma or bleed between dura mater and skull - Usually arterial (middle meningeal) - TBI s/s PLUS lucid intervals of consciousness
69
Subdural Hematoma
- Intracranial bleed in subdural space (dura and arachnoid) - Generally venous (bridging veins) - Mortality rate higher than epidural
EMT 106
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