What are the three types of adjective uses?
Attributive Adjective : gives a qaulity - an attribute to the word it is modifying.
Substantival Adjective: functions as if it were a noun.
Predicate Adjective: asserts something about the subject, and the verb “to be” is either stated or implied.
What is the feminine and neuter forms of αλλος?
αλλη (fem)
αλλο (neut)
means “other, another”
What is the feminine and neuter forms of αὐτός?
αὐτή (fem)
αὐτό (neut)
means “he/she/it, they”
What is the feminine and neuter forms of ἔσχατος?
ἔσχατη (fem)
ἔσχατον (neut)
means last
What is the feminine and neuter forms of οὕτος?
αὕτη (fem)
τοῦτο (neut)
means “this; these”
What is the acronym for the third declension case endings?
Singular: s - os - i - a (σ-οσ-ι-α)
Plural: es - on - si -as (εσ-ων-σι-ασ)
Declension of the word χάρις.
(This is a third declension word with stem ending in τ or δ)
κάρις = Grace, favor, kindness
κάριτς which declines and according to the square of roots the t + s combination = σ
nom sg = κάρις
gen sg = κάρτος
dat sg = κάριτι
acc sg = κάριτα
nom pl = κάριτες
gen pl = καρίτων
dat pl = καρισι(ν)
acc pl = καριτας
What is the root or lexical form of the word ἐλπίς?
ἐλπίς means hope
This is a third declension word with a lexical form of ελπιδ
(δ+σ = σ)
the declension for this word follows the σ-ος-ι-α and εσ-ων-σι-ασ patterns.
What are the three special uses of αὐτός?
1.) Pronominal: standing by itself and playing its own independent role. (normal use)
2.)Identical: translating as”same” rather than as the pronoun.
i.e. “in the same hour” or “ he prayed the “same” thing.”
(attributive position = article precedes it)
— matches the other word in case gender and gender
3.) Intensive: “himself/herself/itself”
i.e. translating as “the word itself” or “He himself will save you.”
— predicate position = no article in front of it.
What is the singular and plural forms of the Greek verb εἰμί and their respective meanings?
1st sing ειμι (I am)
2nd sing ει (you are)
3rd sing εστιν (he/she/it is)
1st plur εσμε(ν) (we are)
2nd plur εστε (ya’ll are)
3rd plur εισιν (they are)
How do you identify the attributive use of an adjective?
an example of the Attributive use is “The good word.”
We use the acronym TGW to identify this pattern.
Three options in Greek:
1.) TGW (ὁ ἀγαθὀς λογος)
2.) TWTG (ὁ ἀγαθὀς ὁ λογος)
3.) WTG (λογος ὁ ἀγαθὀς)
notice the adjective in each case is after the article (The good)
How do you identify the predicative use of an adjective?
Predicative use of an adjective asserts something about the subject, and the verb “to be” is either stated or implied.
“The word is good.”
Two options in Greek:
1.) TWG (ὁ λογος αγαθος)
2.) GTW (αγαθος ὁ λογος)
Notice unlike the attributive case the adjective is not directly after the article)
And we must add “is”/ “are” to the sentence.
How do you identify the substantival use of an adjective?
Substantival Adjective: functions as if it were a noun.
“The good”
There is an article but no other noun.
unlike our other pattern of TGW we now only have TG.
TG (ὁ ἀγαθὀς)
We must add words in English to make it work, such as the good “one.”
chart third declension word endings for τις and τίς
τις and τίς are 3-3 endings
3rd M/F 3rd Neut Nom sg τις τι Gen sg τινος τινος Dat sg τινι τινι Acc sg τινα τι
Nom pl τινες τινα
Gen pl τινων τινων
Dat pl τισι(ν) τισι(ν)
Acc pl τινας τινα
the endings are the same for both. Of course the accent must be on the one meaning who?/what?/which?/why?
τις without the accent is the indefinite pronoun someone, something, anyone, anything.
third declension ending for the Greek word εἷς.
εἷς means “One.”
3rs Masc 1st Fem 3rd Neut Nom sg εἷς μία ἕν Gen sg ἑνός μιᾶς ἑνός Dat sg ἑνί μιᾷ ἑνί Acc sg ἕνα μίαν ἕν
Notice there is no plural because the definition of the word is “one.”
Decline the adjective πας, meaning “each, every, all.”
3rd Masc 2nd Fem 3rd Neut
nom sg: πας πασα παν
gen sg: παντός πάσης παντός
dat sg: παντί πάσͅη παντί
Acc sg: πάντα πασαν παν
nom pl: πάντες πασαι πάντα
gen pl: πάντων πασων πάντων
dat pl: πασι(ν) πασαις πασι(ν)
acc pl: πάντας πάσας πάντα
declension meaning and gender for the Greek word πιστις
meaning: faith or belief
ἡ
nom sing: πιστις
gen sing: πιστεως
dat sing: πιστει
Acc sing: πιστιν
nom plur: πιστεις
gen plur: πιστεων
dat plur: πιστεσι(ν)
acc plur: πιστεις
What is the vocative case? and how do you identify it?
Vocative case is a form of address.
a noun uses the vocative case when it is being directly addressed.
the case endings:
singular: same as nominative or it uses ε
plural: always uses the same as the nominative plural.
***it is usually obvious from the context of the passage, i.e. ‘‘κύριε, κύριε‘‘
declension forms of the Greek word οὕτος.
οὕτος means this or these (pl)
Masc Fem Neut nom sg: οὗτος αὓτη τοῦτο gen sg: τούτου ταύτης τούτου dat sg: τούτῳ ταύτῃ τούτῳ Acc sg: τουτον ταύτην τοῦτο
nom pl: οὗτοι αὓται ταῦτα
gen pl: τούτων τούτων τούτων
dat pl: τούτοις ταύταις τούτοις
acc pl: τούτους ταύτας ταῦ
declension forms of the Greek word ἐκεῖνος.
ἐκεῖνος means that or those (pl)
Masc Fem Neut nom sg: ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο gen sg: ἐκείνου ἐκείνης ἐκείνου dat sg: ἐκείνῳ ἐκεινῃ ἐκείνῳ Acc sg: ἐκεῖνον ἐκείνην ἐκεῖνο
nom pl: ἐκεῖνοι ἐκεῖναι ἐκεῖνα
gen pl: ἐκείνων ἐκείνων ἐκείνων
dat pl: ἐκείνοις ἐκείναις ἐκείνοις
acc pl: ἐκείνους ἐκείνας ἐκεῖνα
How do you identify the adjectival intensive use of αὐτος?
when used intensively, αὐτος is usually in the predicate position.
This means it is standing alone without an article in front of it.
To be used intensively it must also match the noun it modifies in case, number, and gender.
GTW or TWG
How do you identify when αὐτος is used as a personal pronoun?
(as compared to intensive or identical use)
This is when αὐτος is used as a personal pronoun, such as he, she, it, they.
This is the common usage of the word.
The case of the pronoun is determined by its function, and will be in nominative form if it is the subject, accusitive form if it is the direct object, etc.
How do you identify the identical adjective use of αὐτος?
When used as the identical adjective meaning “same”, αὐτος is usually in the attributive position.
Case, number, and gender must match the word it modifies.
TGW or TWTG
What is the meaning of the relative pronoun ὃς and what is a relative pronoun?
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that refers back to a singular or plural antecedent and always refer back to a noun or a noun phrase.
In English these are “who,” “whom,” “that,” “which,” and “whose.”
Relative pronouns do not introduce questions.
The Greek term ὃς means who/which/that/whom or whose
