test 2 Flashcards

Question

theory of alienation: products

Answer 1

by selling labor, the worker loses control over the product of the labor, and views said product as an object which dominates him because it pays the wage he receives; the products aren't his, the wages are his, and he needs to continue making products for wages

Answer 2

"he does not even reckon labor as part of his life, it is rather a sacrifice of his life. .. what he produces for himself is not the silk that he weaves... what he produces for himself is wages, and silk, gold, palace resolve themselves for him into a definite quantity of the means of subsistence... does he consider this twelve hours' [labor] as life? life for him begins whre this activity ceases."

Answer 3

pre-existing circumstances from before one's time affect the time they are born into, and the ideas that are passed down affect the current time and will affect the future time; revolution and change is difficult because it challenges the ideas and structures already in place, which thanks to those ideas, are seen as immobile; change is hard to conceptualize and this helps the structures in place

Answer 4

growth of trade results in growth of merchants and growth of towns

Answer 5

society consisted largely of villages where people lived off the land. serfs paid lords with labor or some kind of rent;

Answer 6

signed to "We charge Genocide" petition, charging the U.S. with the murder of 15M+ African-Americans (hate crimes); indicted in 1951 for working with the Peace Information Center (anti nuclear-weapons, 'agent of a foreign state'); anti-colonial, anti-capitalist, feminist

Answer 7

Malcolm X seems more active than MLK; favors direct action, critiquing Dr. King for

Answer 8

both Black and White citizens are attempting to earn a living in unprecedented ways-- post-war, earning low wages, but for the Black population, it is their first time being paid for their work; new economic opportunity in the South overtaken by capitalists; white men are adjusting after losing land and slaves;

Answer 9

"White laborers were convinced that the degradation of Negro labor was more fundamental than the uplift of White labor;"

Answer 10

"while they received a low wage, were compensated in part by a sort of public and psychological wage. They were given public defrence and titles of courtesy because they were White..."; white laborers may be more complacent with low wages because they benefit from white privilege

Answer 11

"the theory of race was supplemented by a carefully planned and slowly evolved method, which drove such a wedge between the White and Black workers that there probably are not today in the world two groups of workers with practically identical interests who hate and fear each other so deeply that neither sees anything of common interest"; intense racism led to white and black wage workers viewing each other as having less in common with each other than the white laborers have in common with white elites-- something that is not true. this rhetoric slowed progress for the working class

Answer 12

“North and South agreed that laborers must produce profit; the poor White and the Negro wanted to get the profit arising from the laborers’ toil and not to divide it with the employers and landowners.” DuBois comments on capitalists exploiting laborers for capital, while working class acknowledges that they want their own wage and not to contribute to capital

Answer 13

opened the first school of American scientific sociology, Atlanta university; treated it more rigorously, compared to 'social philosophy' that was car window sociology; demonstrates that African Americans are equal and racism determined their social location rather than biology; 'Black crime' is a fallacy because social conditions produce crime, not biology;

Answer 14

"based on casual observation... not rigoroys science because it was based on hunches, rumours, travelogues and loosely formed opinions."

Answer 15

"white scholars throughout academia... reached a solid consensus claiming that science did indeed prove that blacks were inferior. Thus, in the early twentieth century, white science and white supremacist ideology... justified racial oppression"

Answer 16

the current day was a result of the slave trade and slaves' unpaid labor allowed whites to profit from it and provided for modern commodities; "thus, race stratification was an important determinant in the development of capitalism as were class and status stratifications";

Answer 17

a global structure producing race stratification that would affect the entire world; race is a social construct used to control and contribute to other structures like capitalism

Answer 18

Violence is used to conquer foreign land and claim it as a colony. Racism is used to deem the people there as less than and justify their enslavement, conquering and violence against them. Capitalism justifies the conquering by exploiting the people there and stealing the land's resources.

Answer 19

"soon realized that studies would never adequately be pursued nor changes realized without the mass involvement of Negroes";

Answer 20

any study whose conclusions are derived from concrete and verifiable evidence

Answer 21

unfinished goods become products and services

Answer 22

when resources are not distributed to others according to their work or needs; someone receives a wage or purchases goods for an amount unequal to the labor put forth

Answer 23

amount sold for - cost of manufacture; net profit; contributes to capital

Answer 24

MLK's speech, critical of the US' involvement in Vietnam when it'd make things harder than they already are for their citizens;

Answer 25

"I knew that America would never invest the necessary funds or energies in rehabilitation of its poor so long as adventures like Vietnam continued to draw men and skills and money... I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor and to attack it as such."

Answer 26

"It was sending [the poor's] sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinarily high proportions relative to the rest of the population."

Answer 27

- liberties guaranteed to those in other countries haven't even been granted to Americans - the poor made up most of the soldiers, and so the poor were sent to fight in disproportionate amounts compared to the upper classes - war funding interfered with a social security / poverty program-- the U.S. would rather spend money on other countries than its own citizens - war is immoral because it causes so many casualties, sending soldiers home with PTSD and injuries.

Answer 28

Elected officials rarely deliver on their promises to Black Americans. African-Americans need to cast their votes wisely and hold officials accountable

Answer 29

the current state of the govt/family/economy impact theories, while theories written about the current reality impact the govt/family/economy, while the three also affect each other

Answer 30

voter turnout and other important systems are manipulated by authority. the extreme extent of structural racism and any POC who challenges the system is punished; - Hamer opens discussing becoming a 'first class citizen' and the difficulty of the literacy test. there are trick questions, the answers of which change or don't by the applicant's presence that day; - - they were stopped by police going there and back and the officer fined them; - - upon returning, Hamer was fired for her absence and for applying to vote; - - Hamer and other POC were arrested and lashed for existing in a restaurant, charged with disorderly conduct and resisting arrest days later

Answer 31

young black women are often urged to become teachers. the position is rewarding socially, but the field is conservative and the training punishes any deviation from the status-quo. "progressive" people are curbed during their teacher training.

Answer 32

a teaching method that focuses on the knowledge the student already has, improving on that information with the teacher acting as a guide to do so, not just an outright source with blunt answers; students are encouraged to ask questions and guided to the correct answer through those questions

Answer 33

"She objected not only to how most schools taught but also to what they taught: conformity and obedience. In contrast, Baker's pedagogy was democratic and reciprocal... she challenged the conebmtional meanings of both education and leadership."; "[southern preachers] did little more than verbalize... 'You should be able to have some speech making that has some purpose,' rather than simply dazzling an audience to boost your ego."

Answer 34

a project of the Works Progress administration, a New Deal Agency, where Ella Baker taught politics and history

Answer 35

voting & women's rights activist, organizer, active in civil rights movement

Answer 36

"master teacher" of the 60s-70s' Black freedom movement; active in Workers' Education Project and other activist groups

Answer 37

"In a sense, Ella Baker simply ignored conventional gender mandates. As a result, in some contexts, she was not treated the same way other women were treated... she was allowed to sit at the table but rarely dealt into the game."; Baker was so competent that her being a woman was sometimes overlooked. she did note the times it was not.

Answer 38

"she was not advocating a simple populist formula of majority rule or 'one person, one vote' ... Democracy was about fairness and inclusion, not sheer numbers. Therefore, democratic practice could never be formulaic but had to revolve around real participation and deliberation. It was given meaning by the specific situation in which it was tested."

Answer 39

believes racism/discrimination to be matters of thinking and discourse; race can be made and unmade because it is a social construct;

Answer 40

believes racism is tied to status and privilege; the hierarchy benefits some and not others, it is structural

Answer 41

an academic framework for examining how racism is embedded in America’s laws and institutions; borrows from feminism, marxism and critical legal theory; it aims to eliminate racial oppression and then all oppression

Answer 42

note thst conquered nations generally demonize their subjects to feel better about them; circumstances change so that one group finds it possible to seize advantage

Answer 43

often materialist; profit, labor supply and international relations will explain the history a race lived through

Answer 44

the concept that a system cannot redress certain types of wrong due to its makeup and vocabulary;

Answer 45

a theoretical framework (usually of psychology) valuing humanity and the masses;

test 2 Flashcards

(82 cards)