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Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is not a response to hypovolemic shock?

  1. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
  2. Secretion of ADH
  3. Activation of the sympathetic division of ANS
  4. Secretion of atrial natrriuretic peptide (ANP)
  5. None
A

4

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2
Q

Which of the following reduces blood loss?

  1. Erythrocyte
  2. Platelet
  3. Basophil
  4. Neutrophil
  5. Lymphocyte
A

2

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3
Q

Which set of factors would decrease stroke volume the most?

  1. Increased preload, increased after load, increased contractility
  2. increased preload, decreased after load, increased contractility
  3. increased preload, increased after load, decreased contractility
  4. decreased preload, increased after load, decreased contractility
A

4

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4
Q

From the left ventricle, where does blood pass?

A

Aorta

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a component of blood?

  1. Blood plasma
  2. Formed elements
  3. White blood cells
  4. Carbon dioxide
  5. platelets
A

4

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6
Q

This hormone stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow

A

EPO

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7
Q

Which methods provide homeostasis?

  1. vascular spasm, clotting, polycythemia
  2. vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, clotting
  3. hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation
  4. emigration, clotting, cytolysis
  5. anemia, hemogenesis, platelet plug formation
A

2

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8
Q

Which of the below factor do NOT increase systemic vascular resistance?

  1. decreased vessel lumen diameter
  2. increased blood viscosity
  3. increased vasoconstriction
  4. increased red blood cell count
  5. decreased vessel length
A

5

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9
Q

These anti-microbial substances will diffuse to uninfected cells and reduce production of viral proteins.

A

Interferons

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10
Q

Hypoxia stimulates release of the hormone _____ from _____.

A

Erythropoietin, kidneys

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11
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers electrically connect to neighboring fibers by….

A

Gap junctions

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12
Q

Which of the below reduces heart rate?

  1. increased sympathetic stimulation
  2. increased calcium levels
  3. increased thyroid hormone
  4. increased norepinephrine
  5. increased parasympathetic simulation
A

5

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13
Q

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states (hint: it explains how the two sides of the heart continue to pump the same amount of blood):

A

The more the heart is stretched pre-contraction the strong the force of contraction

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14
Q

This will lead to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and bursting of microbes.

A

Classical and Alternative complement systems

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15
Q

Sitting in one position for an extended period of time can result in the formation of a blood clot in a vein called a ____ that can break free and travel to the lungs where it can block a blood vessel and be called a _____.

A

Thrombus, pulmonary embolism

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16
Q

Elastic arteries function as a ____

A

Pressure reservoir

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17
Q

These control the flow of blood through a capillary bed.

A

Precapillary sphincter

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18
Q

Which of the below would NOT increased BP?

  1. Increased sympathetic stimulation
  2. Decreased cardiac output
  3. Increased heart rate
  4. Increased stroke volume
  5. Increased blood volume
A

2

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19
Q

Cytotoxic T cells express the ____ protein and associate with MHC type ____?

A

CD8, MHC-1

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20
Q

These anti-microbial sunstances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation.

A

Complement proteins

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21
Q

A prolonged delay between the P wave and the QRS complex on an EKG indicates…

A

First degree AV Block

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22
Q

These are mainly used to kill body cells infected with a broad range of pathogens and tumor cells.

A

Natural killer cells

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23
Q

These anti-microbial substances diffuse to uninfected cells and prevent replication in uninfected cells by inducting antiviral proteins.

A

Interferons

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24
Q

Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism?

  1. Macrophages
  2. T lymphocytes
  3. B lymphocytes
  4. Memory B cells
  5. Stratified squamous epithelium
A

1

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25
During recycling of RBCs, the heme group is first converted to
Biliverdin
26
Which blood vessels exhibit fenestrations?
capillaries
27
Which is NOT a major function of the blood? 1. protection against disease infection 2. production of oxygen 3. regulation of blood pH 4. transportation of nutrients 5. transportation of heat
2
28
This depends mostly on the ration of RBC to plasma volume.
Blood viscosity
29
Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system? 1. Thymus 2. Spleen 3. Red bone marrow 4. Pancreas 5. Lymph node
4
30
Which antibodies does a person with type AB blood have in their plasma?
No anitbodies
31
These vessels make up the largest blood reservoir.
Veins and venules
32
Which of the following hormones would cause a decrease in blood pressure? 1. ADH 2. Aldosterone 3. ANP 4. Increased Norepinephrine 5. Angiotensin
3
33
As each ventricle contracts where does the blood move?
Through a semilunar valve
34
Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting? 1. Albumins 2. Globulins 3. Fibrinogens 4. Prostaglandins 5. None
3
35
Natural killer cells use which mechanism to kill pathogens.
Release performs to lyse infected cells
36
This part of the heart can initiate a contraction and can set a constant heart rate of about 100 beats per minute.
SA node
37
``` Which os the below carry out cell-mediated adaptive immunity? 1. NK cells 2, Antiobodies 3. Helper T cells 4. B cells 5. Cytotoxic T cells ```
5
38
Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader?
Innate
39
High BP would increase: 1. afterload 2. stroke volume 3. preload 4. cardiac output
1
40
Which of the below is the site of T cells maturation? 1. Red bone marrow 2. thymus 3. pancreas 4. lymph node 5. spleen
thymus
41
The only way to alter heart rate is by altering
The pacemaker potential
42
A natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to
active immunity
43
This action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis
Opsonization
44
A hematocrit measures
Percentage of RBC in packed blood
45
Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair 1. complement proteins 2. macrophages 3. perforin 4. fever 5. natural killer cells
Fever
46
This is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute
Cardiac output
47
The final step in blood clot formation is the conversion of ….
fibrinogen to fibrin
48
Which of the below is NOT found in the arteries but is found in veins? 1. valves 2. tunica externa 3. tunica media 4. tunica interna
1
49
This is a blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart
Vein
50
Genetic recombination generates diversity in what part (s) of the immune system?
Antigen receptors
51
Capillaries are also known as
Exchange vessels
52
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? 1. Mucus production 2. Swelling 3. pain 4. heat 5. redness
1
53
Right after ejecting the nucleus but before becoming mature, red blood cell is called a
Reticulocyte
54
You would observe net filtration from capillaries if (ignore the other two minor forces):
BHP (blood hydrostatic pressure) is greater than BCOP(blood colloidal pressure)
55
THe cardiovascular center is located
in the medulla oblongata
56
Naturally acquired passive immunity is the results of….
the transfer of immunoglobulins from the moth to the offspring through milk
57
HIV infected cells that express the CD4 protein; this means that the virus infected which cells of the acquired immune system?
Helper T cells
58
This type of shock is a result of bacterial infection and leads to sepsis
Vascular
59
Hypovolemic shock would result in 1. increased aldosterone secretion 2. increased ADH secretion 3. decreased nerve impulses from baroreceptors to the CV 4. All
4
60
This term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when ventricular relaxation occurs and blood pressure falls..
Diastole
61
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? 1. Heat 2. Redness 3. Swellin 4. Pain 5. Mucus Production
5
62
These muscles connect to the chord tendonae
Papillary mucles
63
Baroreceptors measure the electrical potential in the blood. True or False?
Flase
64
Considering Rh blood types, which of the below situations would result in maternal antibodies attacking second fetus?
Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
65
Parasympathetic activation: 1. none 2. increases stroke volume 3. increases heart rate 4. increases cardiac output
1
66
Which of the below do NOT induce vas dilation and permeability (increased fluid flow) to an infection site. 1. leukotrienes 2. histamines 3. kinins 4. complement 5. perforin
5
67
The largest factor that promotes reabsorption of fluids, into blood, fro the interstitial fluid is
blood colloid osmotic pressure
68
The process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called
Hemopoiesis
69
Ferritin is used to
Store iron
Test 1.2
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