Test 1.2 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Lipogenesis occurs when

  1. gluconeogenesis fails
  2. less cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
  3. more cholesterol is consumed than required for ATP need
  4. more calories are consumed than required for ATP need
  5. less calories are consumed than required for ATP need
A

4

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2
Q

What tissue lacks the enzyme phosphatase, resulting in the inability of glucose liberated from glycogen store to enter the bloodstream?

A

Skeletal muscle

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3
Q

What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis?

A

Glucagon

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4
Q

How many ATPs (net) can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis?

A

2

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5
Q

This reaction uses Acetyl Co-A to produce CO2, ATP, NADH + H, and FADH2

A

Krebs

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6
Q

A long chain fatty acid generates more ATP than a molecule of glucose through which process?

A

Beta oxidation

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7
Q

This process is the synthesis of triglycerides

A

Lipogenesis

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8
Q

What hormone stimulates glycogenesis?

A

Insulin

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9
Q

Ketone bodies

  1. are comprised of AAs striped from glycogen
  2. are excreted in feces along with sterobilin
  3. are made from the direct catabolism of proteins and are mostly used to make triglycerides
  4. are 4 carbon chains taken from the 2 acetyl CoA molecules and eventually enter the Krebs cycle to make ATP
A

4

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10
Q

Which of the following if a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

  1. glucose
  2. CO2
  3. insulin
  4. cholesterol
  5. urea
A

Urea

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11
Q

Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as _____ and _____ energy.

A

Anabolism, consume

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12
Q

Decreased secretion of aldosterone would result in a(n) _____ of blood _______?

A

Decrease, sodium

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13
Q

Oxidation is

A

The removal of electrons

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14
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP?

A

Glycolysis, Formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle, ETC

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15
Q

Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

During cellular respiration (catabolizing glucose) no ATP molecules are generated:

A

During the linking phase

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17
Q

Which of the following is used to promote Na reabsorption by the kidneys?

  1. ADH
  2. ANP
  3. Aldosterone
  4. Parathyroid hormone
  5. All
A

Aldosterone

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18
Q

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can result in ketosis because:

  1. an excess of glucose inside cells
  2. increased loss of bicarbonate in the urine
  3. oxidation of fatty acid to make ATP results in ketone formation
  4. All
A

3

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19
Q

Which is the most responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

  1. ADH acting on the PCT
  2. ADH acting on collecting duct
  3. Cortisol acting on collecting duct
  4. ANP
A

2

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20
Q

All excess carbs are stored as glycogen, all excess AAs as proteins, and triglycerides as lipids. True or False

A

False

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21
Q

This later of filtration membrane is an extension of a podocyte.

A

Pedicels

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22
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytosol

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23
Q

Glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle and ETC are all involved in:

A

Glucose catabolism

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24
Q

Glycogenesis is

  1. performed by the duodenum
  2. the synthesis of glycogen
  3. only seen in the liver
  4. performed by ENS
  5. one way to make glucose
A

2

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25
Which hormone that s involved in salt and water balance is simulated by the renin-angiotensin system?
Aldosterone
26
This is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
27
This is the key regulator of the rate of glycolysis
Phosphofructokinase
28
Most glucose that enters the liver is converted to
Glycogen
29
In the absence of oxygen, the end product of glycolysis is
pyruvic acid
30
Nonessential AAs can be made by the cells in the body through a process called:
Transamination
31
Chemiosmosis…. 1. involves the reactions of glycolysis 2. involves the chemical reactions (electron transport) couple to pumping hydrogens 3. involves the reactions of the Krebs cycle 4. involves the phosphorylation of H2O 5. Nucleosidases
2
32
Which yields the most ATP molecules?
ETC
33
Which reactions occur in the cytoplasm?
Glycolysis
34
Glycogenolysis…. 1. is glycogen anabolism 2. is glycogen catabolism 3. is the removal of carbons from fatty acid chains 4. involves the transfer of electrons to NAD 5. None
2
35
Which hormone stimulates glycogenesis?
Insulin
36
Most of the stored energy in mammals including humans is in the form of…..
Lipids
37
Lipolysis is….. 1. the breakdown of triglycerides and is stimulated by insulin 2. the breakdown of triglycerides and is stimulated by cortisol 3. the synthesis of triglycerides and is stimulated by insulin 4. the oxidation of fatty acids in ATp 5. the synthesis of triglycerides and is stimulated by cortisol
2
38
Free fatty acid chains can be used to make glucose molecules by gluconeogenesis. True or False?
False
39
The process by which carbon molecules are removed from fatty acid chains and used to make ATP is called
Beta oxidation
40
During the post absorptive state: 1. gluconeogensis predominates 2. glycogensis predominates 3. excess fuel is stored 4. plamsa insulin levels are high
1
41
During protein catabolism AAs must be stripped of their amino groups, this nitrogen is removed from the body as
Urea
42
Glucose can be stored as triglycerides. True or False?
True
43
The kidneys filter about _____ liters of blood/day.
180
44
Examine the following reaction: NFP = GBHP - CHP - BCOP. | Low BP will affect which term of the right side of the equation?
GBHP
45
What pressure would be the capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) plus the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) have to exceed in order to stop glomerular filtration?
55 mmHg
46
Which of the following would decrease the glomerular filtration rate? 1. NO 2. norepinephrin 3. myogenic mechanism 4. angiotensin II 5. B,C, and D
5
47
How does ADH cause increased reabsorption of water from urine?
It stimulates the insertion of aquaporins into the tubular membrane
48
You are a pediatrician and a patient comes to your office because her parents say that she is always very thirsty and is drinking way too much water. She is also urinating very frequently. You test her blood glucose levels and they are normal. You conclude that your patient most likely has
Diabetes insipidus
49
Which of the following acts as electron transport molecules in glucose catabolism
NADH + H & FADH2
50
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs:
in the reactions of the ETC
51
Which of the following animals is likely to make the least dilute urine? most dilute urine?
kangaroo rat, prarie vole
52
Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?
PCT
53
This is the structure of the nephron that filters the blood
Glomerular capsule
54
This term means entry of substances into the body from the filtrate
Reabsoprtion
55
This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed urine
Secretion
56
This occurs when the stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in the afferent arterioles
Myogenic mechanism
57
Once fluid enters the PCT, 1. all the Na is removed 2. it is less dense 3. it has a higher K concentration 4. it is headed to the ascending loop 5. it is called tubular fluid
5
58
Increased secretion of H ions would results in a ____ of blood _____?
decrease, pH
59
Increased secretion soy aldosterone would result in a _____ of blood ______?
increase, sodium
60
This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder
Ureter
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