Test 2 Hormones

Question 1

How can you tell if a hormone was created via recombinant DNA?

Answer 1

for example, rhGH => hGH produced via recomb. DNA

Question 2

another name for hGH

Answer 2

STH: somatotropin, somatotrophin, somatropin

Question 3

How is hGH secreted?

Answer 3

• produced and secreted by anterior pituitary gland (somatotropes)
• regulated by GHRH and somatostatin

Question 4

production of hGH patterns

Answer 4

• highest production and secretion in children
• after 20 years of age, production drops down 10-15% every 10 years
• released during deep sleep in pulistile fashion

Question 5

regulation of hormone release consists of:

Answer 5

• self-regulation: positive and negative feedback
• hypothalamus
• chemical changes in blood

Question 6

pituitary gland characteristic:

Answer 6

• 0.5 inches; pea sized
• the infundibulum attached pituitary gland to hypothalamus
• split up into two: anterior and posterior
• secretes most of the hormone produced in the body

Question 7

anterior pituitary secretes

Answer 7

you have 5 cell types

• Somatrope(hs instead of e): release hGH
• Thyrotroph: TSH -> T3, T4
• Gonadotroph: FSH, LH
• Lactotroph: Prolactin
• corticotroph: ACTH (corticotropin), melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 8

posterior pituitary secretes

Answer 8

secretes 2 major hormones

• oxytocin
• vasopressin (aka ADH)

Question 9

What is a difference between anterior and posterior pituitary?

Answer 9

anterior synthesizes AND secretes; posterior only releases

Question 10

another name for anterior pituitary

Answer 10

adenohypophysis

Question 11

another name for posterior pituitary

Answer 11

nuerohypophysis

Question 12

functions of hGH

Answer 12

• growth and development
• affects metabolism: protein synthesis, lipolysis, inhibition of glucose metabolism
• can be used for milk production but not meat

Question 13

therapeutic use of hGH

Answer 13

• hGH deficiency
• idiopathic short stature (ISS)
• Turner syndrome
• Prader-Willi syndrome
• chronic renal insufficiency in children
• small for gestational age
• GHD in adults and elderly
• clinical malnutrition
• Wasting syndrome

Question 14

clinical malnutrition

Answer 14

< 200 cm bowel

• SBS: small bowel syndrome
• small area of absorption

Question 15

Wasting syndrome

Answer 15

no matter how much pt eats, they lose / don’t gain weight

Question 16

Turner syndrome

Answer 16

• affects females
• broad neck
• puffy feet @ birth
• less secondary sexual characteristics

Question 17

Prader-Willi syndrome

Answer 17

• thin upper lip

- increased appetite

Question 18

Noonan syndrome

Answer 18

• male version of Turner syndrome
• flat nose
• mental impairment
• low life expectancy -> don’t survive beyond 10 years

Question 19

Under which circumstance would you not use prokaryotic cells to produce a hormonal protein?

Answer 19

if that protein is a glycoprotein

Question 20

Brand names for rhGH

Answer 20

• Genotropin
• Genotonorm
• Norditropin simplex
• Nutropin
• Nutropin AQ
• Humatrope,
• Bio-tropin
• Scitropin
• Growjet
• Zomacton
• Tev-tropin
• Omnitrope
• Valtropin
• Serostim
• Saizen
• Zorbtive

Question 21

describe the process of lyophilization

Answer 21

• aka cryodesication
• protein expressed in cell lines
• cell membrane lysed
• protein comes out to liquid medium
• FREEZE in frozen N (-180C, -321F)
• apply vacuumm

Question 22

route of administration of hGH

Answer 22

• subQ: abdmone
• IM: deltoid, thigh
• pen: cool click, easy click

Question 23

dosing of hGH

Answer 23

• depends on therapy

- usually 0.08 - 0.35 mg/kg/week

Question 24

pK of hGH

Answer 24

• bound to growth hormone binding protein (GHBD) in plasma

- half life: 2-5 hours

Question 25

characteristics of FSH

Answer 25

- glycoprotein - exist as isohormone (but same activitiy) - 35kDalton

Question 26

What is a glycoprotein?

Answer 26

proteinsthat undergo post-translational modification

Question 27

secretion of FSH

Answer 27

- produces and secreted by anterior pituitary | - regulated by GnRH

Question 28

functions of FSH

Answer 28

- regulate development, pubertal maturation, and reproductive process - acts synergistically with estrogens and LH to develop granulosa cells leading to follicular growth

Question 29

therapeutic use of FSH

Answer 29

- Anovulation (including Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) - Ovarian hyperstimulation - Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Question 30

PCOS

Answer 30

instead of one cyst growing, there are multiple cyst but they don't grow big enough to accommodate the eggs; laser treatment can get rid of the other cysts to make room for one cyst to grow big enough

Question 31

brand names of FSH

Answer 31

- Gonal-F | - Follistim

Question 32

PK of FSH

Answer 32

- 77% bioavailable - Serum levels may not correlate with pharmacological response - Large variability in individual responses