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Question 1

Define absolutism.

Answer 1

A political system where a single ruler holds absolute power over the state.

Question 2

True or false: Absolutism promotes shared power with nobility.

Answer 2

FALSE

Absolutism centralizes power in the hands of the monarch, reducing noble influence.

Question 3

Who is known as the Sun King?

Answer 3

Louis XIV of France, who epitomized absolute monarchy.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Divine right is the belief that a monarch’s authority comes from _______.

Answer 4

God

Question 5

What is the Edict of Nantes?

Answer 5

A 1598 decree granting religious freedom to Huguenots in France.

Question 6

Define mercantilism.

Answer 6

An economic theory promoting government regulation of a nation’s economy for augmenting state power.

Question 7

True or false: Peter the Great modernized Russia through absolutism.

Answer 7

TRUE

He implemented reforms to centralize power and modernize the military.

Question 8

What was the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 8

The 1688 overthrow of King James II of England, leading to constitutional monarchy.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Louis XIV built the palace of _______.

Answer 9

Versailles

Question 10

What is parliamentary sovereignty?

Answer 10

The principle that Parliament has the supreme legal authority in the UK.

Question 11

True or false: Absolutism was prevalent in 18th century Europe.

Answer 11

TRUE

Many European states were ruled by absolute monarchs during this period.

Question 12

Define centralization in the context of absolutism.

Answer 12

The concentration of political power and authority in a central government.

Question 13

What role did taxation play in absolutism?

Answer 13

It funded the state and military, reinforcing the monarch’s power.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Frederick the Great ruled _______.

Answer 14

Prussia

Question 15

What is the Social Contract theory?

Answer 15

The idea that individuals consent to form a government for protection and order.

Question 16

True or false: Absolutism allowed for individual freedoms.

Answer 16

FALSE

Individual liberties were often suppressed under absolute rule.

Question 17

Define enlightened absolutism.

Answer 17

A form of absolute monarchy influenced by the Enlightenment, promoting reforms for the people’s welfare.

Question 18

What was the Treaty of Utrecht?

Answer 18

A 1713 agreement ending the War of Spanish Succession, redistributing territories.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Catherine the Great was the empress of _______.

Answer 19

Russia

Question 20

What was the impact of absolutism on European society?

Answer 20

It led to centralized power, reduced noble influence, and often sparked resistance.

Question 21

Define Age of Exploration.

Answer 21

A period from the 15th to 17th century marked by European global exploration.

Question 22

Who was Christopher Columbus?

Answer 22

An Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 23

True or false: The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Answer 23

TRUE

Signed in 1494, it aimed to resolve disputes over newly discovered lands.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Ferdinand Magellan led the first successful _______ around the world.

Answer 24

circumnavigation

Question 25

What was the **Columbian Exchange**?

Answer 25

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases between the Americas and Europe.

Question 26

Define **mercantilism**.

Answer 26

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing international trade.

Question 27

Who sponsored **Columbus's voyages**?

Answer 27

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.

Question 28

True or false: The **Spanish Armada** was defeated in 1588 by the English navy.

Answer 28

TRUE ## Footnote This defeat marked the decline of Spanish naval dominance.

Question 29

What was the main goal of **European explorers**?

Answer 29

To find new trade routes and acquire wealth through resources.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The **Atlantic Slave Trade** was part of the _______ trade system.

Answer 30

triangular

Question 31

Define **conquistador**.

Answer 31

Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territories in the Americas.

Question 32

What was the significance of **Vasco da Gama**?

Answer 32

He was the first to reach India by sea, opening a new trade route.

Question 33

True or false: The **Dutch East India Company** was established to control trade in Asia.

Answer 33

TRUE ## Footnote Founded in 1602, it became a powerful trading entity.

Question 34

Who was **Hernán Cortés**?

Answer 34

A Spanish conquistador known for defeating the Aztec Empire.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The **Ming Dynasty** was known for its _______ during the Age of Exploration.

Answer 35

maritime expeditions

Question 36

Define **Protestant Reformation**.

Answer 36

A religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestant churches.

Question 37

Who initiated the **95 Theses**?

Answer 37

Martin Luther initiated the 95 Theses in 1517, criticizing church practices.

Question 38

True or false: The **Catholic Church** supported the Reformation.

Answer 38

FALSE ## Footnote The Catholic Church opposed the Reformation, leading to the Counter-Reformation.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: **Indulgences** were sold by the Church to reduce _______.

Answer 39

punishment for sins

Question 40

What was the **Diet of Worms**?

Answer 40

An assembly in 1521 where Martin Luther defended his writings before the Holy Roman Emperor.

Question 41

Define **Calvinism**.

Answer 41

A branch of Protestantism founded by John Calvin, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.

Question 42

Who was the founder of the **Anglican Church**?

Answer 42

King Henry VIII established the Anglican Church in 1534.

Question 43

True or false: The **Peace of Augsburg** allowed rulers to choose their state's religion.

Answer 43

TRUE ## Footnote Signed in 1555, it recognized Lutheranism and Catholicism in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 44

What is **predestination** in Calvinism?

Answer 44

The belief that God has already determined who will be saved or damned.

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The **Counter-Reformation** aimed to _______ the Catholic Church's influence.

Answer 45

restore

Question 46

Define **Huguenots**.

Answer 46

French Protestants influenced by Calvinism, often persecuted in Catholic France.

Question 47

What was the **Spanish Armada**?

Answer 47

A fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England, ultimately defeated.

Question 48

True or false: The **Council of Trent** reformed Catholic practices.

Answer 48

TRUE ## Footnote Held between 1545 and 1563, it addressed issues raised by the Reformation.

Question 49

Who wrote **Institutes of the Christian Religion**?

Answer 49

John Calvin authored this foundational text of Calvinist theology.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: **Lutheranism** emphasizes justification by _______.

Answer 50

faith alone

Question 51

What was the **Peasants' War**?

Answer 51

A series of uprisings in 1524-1525 in Germany, influenced by Reformation ideas.

Question 52

Define **Anabaptists**.

Answer 52

Radical reformers who believed in adult baptism and separation of church and state.

Question 53

What role did **printing press** play in the Reformation?

Answer 53

It facilitated the spread of Reformation ideas and literature.

Question 54

True or false: **Martin Luther** translated the Bible into German.

Answer 54

TRUE ## Footnote His translation made the scriptures accessible to ordinary people.

Question 55

Fill in the blank: **Zwinglianism** was founded by _______ in Switzerland.

Answer 55

Ulrich Zwingli

Question 56

What was the **Edict of Nantes**?

Answer 56

A 1598 decree granting religious freedom to Huguenots in France.

Question 57

Define **Sola Scriptura**.

Answer 57

The doctrine that Scripture alone is the ultimate authority in matters of faith.

Question 58

Who was **John Knox**?

Answer 58

A Scottish reformer who founded the Presbyterian Church.

Question 59

Fill in the blank: The **Thirty Years' War** began as a conflict between _______ and Protestants.

Answer 59

Catholics

Question 60

What was the significance of the **Westphalia Treaty**?

Answer 60

It ended the Thirty Years' War and recognized the sovereignty of states.