Test 3

Question 1

What does the SA node do

Answer 1

Creates electrical impulse- causes atria to contract and send blood to ventricle.

Question 2

What does av node do

Answer 2

Slightly delays incoming impulse from atria and relays it to the bundle of his

Question 3

Second heart sound indicates

Answer 3

Recoil of blood against closed semilunar valves

Question 4

Cheyne stokes breathing pattern

Answer 4

Cycles of deep and shallow breaths followed by periods of apnea.

Heart failure

Question 5

Kussmal breathing

Answer 5

Deep laboured breathing associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Question 6

Heart failure s/s

Answer 6

Pink frothy sputum, crackles, pitting edema, low O2, orthopnea, dyspnea

Question 7

Where is the right middle lobe located

Answer 7

Between 4th and 5th intercostal

Question 8

Crackles

Answer 8

Aka rales. When air moved thru fluid or mucus in lungs. Short or high pitched-clicking, bubbling

Question 9

Rhonchi

Answer 9

Snoring sound- gurgling

Pneumonia, copd

Question 10

Stridor

Answer 10

High pitched whistle or squeake

Epiglottis

Question 11

How do infants breathe

Answer 11

Nose breathers

Question 12

Risks of pneumonia

Answer 12

Smoking, hospitalization, drugs/alcohol, exposure to pullutants, heart disease, diabetes, sickle cell disease

Question 13

Signs of infants in respiratory distress

Answer 13

Frightened look, flared nostrils, pale skin, bluish nail beds, belly breathing, skin pulls in on neck and chest

Question 14

What does first heart sound indicate

Answer 14

Recoil of blood against closed av valves- mitral and tricuspid

Question 15

When females are having a heart attack they can have

Answer 15

Back and jaw pain

Question 16

Apical pulse location on adults and infants

Answer 16

A- 5th intercostal L midclavicular
I- 4th intercostal L midclavicular

Question 17

What to look for when auscultation of carotid

Answer 17

Swishing/blowing sound: bruit indicating narrow vessel

Question 18

Why lean foreward when auscultating the heart

Answer 18

Enhances sounds like murmurs

Question 19

Risk of cardiac issues

Answer 19

Smoking, diet, diabetes, aging, genetics, lifestyle, males,

Question 20

What are you listening to at second intercostal space

Answer 20

Aortic and pulmonic

Question 21

Cardiac changes in pregnant women

Answer 21

Increased blood volume, cardiac output.
Increased resting heart rate. Decrease of peripheral vascular resistance. LV mass temp increased, wall thickness temp increased.

Question 22

S/s of copd

Answer 22

Barrel chest, sob, cough, wheezing, weight loss, tripodding, limited physical activity

Question 23

S/s of angina

Answer 23

Pain, arrhythmia, dyspnea, cough, edema, nocturia, fatigue, cyanosis, pallor

Question 24

Peripheral artery disease

Answer 24

Narrow artery- blood cant get to extremities.
Pain, there is a pulse, possible gangrene. Pale

Monitor toes, top of feet, ankles

Question 25

What does lymphatic system do

Answer 25

Maintains fluid balance, absorbs or removes wastes and toxins from digestive tract, helps w immunity

Question 26

Vesicular breath sounds

Answer 26

Soft low pitched when a person breathes in

Question 27

Age related lung changes

Answer 27

Alveoli less effective Diaphragm weakens

Question 28

S/s of venous insufficiency

Answer 28

Dull, achy pain Lower leg edema Drainage Sores with irregular borders Yellow slough or ruddy skin

Question 29

Preload

Answer 29

Vol of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

Question 30

Afterload

Answer 30

Resistance LV must overcome to circulate blood

Question 31

Heart failure occurs when

Answer 31

RA pressure increases and fluid backw up in lungs

Question 32

Angina pectoris

Answer 32

Decreased blood flow to heart

Question 33

Orthopnea

Answer 33

Difficulty breathing when lying flat

Question 34

Arterial insufficiency

Answer 34

Intermitten claudication Pain No pulse Round smooth sores Black eschar

Question 35

Flow of blood

Answer 35

RA-tricuspid valve-RV- pulmonary trunk-pulm valva-pulm arteries-lung-pulm veins- LA- mitral valve- LV- aortic valve- aorta- body

Question 36

Heart murmur

Answer 36

Valve open- swhooshing sound

Question 37

Heart attack prevention

Answer 37

Stop smoking Choose a diet rich in veges, fruit, whole grains. Low fat dairy, pultry, fish, legumes, nuts. Cholestorol in check thru diet and exercise Lower BP thru weight loss Increase physical activity Manage diabetes Limit alcolhol Practice stress-reducing techniques

Question 38

Pediatric heart rates

Answer 38

Newborns up to 30 days- up to 205 12 months- 190 1-2yrs- 140 3-5yrs- 120 6-11-118 12 and up- 100

Question 39

Pediatric RR

Answer 39

Infant- 30-53 1-2- 22-37 3-5- 20-28 6-11- 18-25 12 and up- 12-20

Question 40

Age related heart changes

Answer 40

Increased stiffness of large arteries Bp increases as elasticity decreases Chambers may increase in size

Question 41

Homans sign

Answer 41

Dvt Passive, dorsiflex foot and squeeze calf Increased pain at posterior leg or calf=thrombophlebitis

Question 42

What causes venous stasis

Answer 42

Pooling of blood in veins from long periods of standing, sitting, lying down. Lack of muscular activity.

Question 43

S3, S4

Answer 43

S3- Heard during early diastole caused by rapid ventricular filling. S4-late in diastole caused by forceful atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle.

Question 44

Diffusion vs perfusion

Answer 44

Diff- exchange between alveoli and blood Per- exchange between blood and tissue cells