Test 3

Question 1

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the

a. aortic semilunar valve
b.pulmonary semilunar valve
c. tricuspid valve
d/ becuspid valve

Answer 1

c. tricuspid valve

Question 2

Given these structures, choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order an action potential passes through them.

1. atrioventricular bundle
2. AV node
3. bundle branches
4. Purkinje fibers
5. SA node

Answer 2

5 2 1 3 4

Question 3

T waves on an ECG represent

a. depolarization of the ventricles
b. repolarization of the ventricles
c. depolarization of the atria
d. repolarization of the atria

Answer 3

b. repolarization of the ventricles

Question 4

Comparing and contrasting arteries and veins, veins have

a. thicker walls
b. a greater amount of smooth muscles than arteries
c. a tunica media, but arteries do not
d. valves, but arteries do not
e. all of these are correct

Answer 4

d. valves, but arteries do not

Question 5

The structures that supply the walls of blood vessels with blood are

a. venous shunts
b. tunic channels
c. arteriovenous anastomoses
d. vasa vasorum
e. coronary arteries

Answer 5

d. vasa vasorum

Vasa Vasorum: arteries/veins > 1mm in diameter have a small network that supply nutrients, which can’t diffuse from the lumen

Question 6

Vascular compliance is

a. greater in arteries than in veins
b. the increase in vessel volume divided by the increase in vessel pressure
c. the pressure at which blood vessels collapse
d. proportional to the diameter of the blood vessel times pressure
e. all of these are correct

Answer 6

b. the increase in vessel volume divided by the increase in vessel pressure

Question 7

The lymphatic system

a. removes excess fluid from tissues
b. absorbs lipids from the digestive tract
c. defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances
d. all of these are correct

Answer 7

d. all of these are correct

a. removes excess fluid from tissues
b. absorbs lipids from the digestive tract
c. defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances

Question 8

Antigen-presenting cells can

a. take in foreign antigens
b. process antigens
c. use MHC class II molecules to display the antigens
d. stimulate other immune system cells
e. all of these are correct

Answer 8

e. all of these are correct

a. take in foreign antigens
b. process antigens
c. use MHC class II molecules to display the antigens
d. stimulate other immune system cells

Question 9

During the depolarization phase of action potential in cardiac muscle….

1. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels are closed
2. Voltage gated Ca2+ channel start to open
3. Voltage gated Ca2+ channels are open making the plateau
4. Ca2+ are not involved during the depolarization phase of action potential in cardiac muscle

Answer 9

2. Voltage gated Ca2+ channel start to open

Question 10

____ drain blood from the cranial cavity, the anterior head, face and neck and branches from the brachiocephalic vein.

1. superior mesenteric vein
2. external jugular vein
3. internal jugular vein
4. superior vena cava

Answer 10

3. internal jugular vein

Question 11

When performing phlebotomy (blood collection), which of the following veins are routinely used?

1. median cubical, mesentaric, great saphenous
2. brachial, azygos, ilian
3. axillary, subclavian, digital
4. brachial, median cubical, basilica

Answer 11

4. brachial, median cubical, basilica

Question 12

Which of the following is true of cardiac wall and muscle?

1. it consists of 3 layers: endocardium, myocardium, pericardium
2. it contains a sarcoplasmis reticulum, and many mitochondria
3. it has transverse tubules only
4. it contains many endoplasmis reticulum and few mitochondria

a. i and ii
b. iii and iv
c. ii and iiii
d. i and iv

Answer 12

a. i and ii

Question 13

The _____ branches from the common carotid artery and continues to become the ___ artery, which continues to become to ___ artery which branches to becomes to radial and ulnar arteries.

1. brachiocephalis, lateral thoracic, deep brachial
2. subclavian, axillary, brachial
3. internal thoracic, suscapular, humeral circomflex
4. internal carotic, thyrocervical trunk, deep palmar arch

Answer 13

2. subclavian, axillary, brachial

Question 14

___ separates the L atria/ventricle, ___ separates the R atria/ventricle, ___ allows blood to flow out of the R ventricle, ____ allows blood to flow out of the L ventricle.

Answer 14

bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve

Question 15

Poiseulle’s law determines the flow of blood through a tube (vessel) & is expressed as

1. Flow = CO x PR
2. Flow = D x P
3. Flow = (P1-P2) / R
4. Flow = NHP - NOP

Answer 15

3. Flow = (P1-P2) / R

Question 16

The force that stretches the vascular wall is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times the blood pressure. This explains the:

1. La Place’s Law
2. Poiseuille’s Law
3. Vascular Compliance
4. The law of laminar & turbulent flow

Answer 16

1. La Place’s Law

Question 17

Which of the following are pulse pressure points?

1. common carotid & superficial temporal arteries
2. femoral & tibial arteries
3. external jugular & axillary vein
4. radial & popliteal vein

a. i & iii
b. ii & iv
c. i & ii
d. iii & iv

Answer 17

c. i & ii

Question 18

Lymph is moved through the lymphatic vessel by which of the following mechanism?

1. contraction of lymphatic vessels & skeletal muscles & thoracic pressure changes
2. contraction of venous blood vessels & smooth muscles & pelvic pressure changes
3. contraction of arterial blood vessels & cardiac muscles & abdominal pressure changes
4. contraction of capillary blood vessels & valve movement & cervical pressure changes

Answer 18

1. contraction of lymphatic vessels & skeletal muscles & thoracic pressure changes

Question 19

Which of the following are arteries in the Circle of Willis?

1. posterior communicating & cerebral arteries
2. anterior communicating & cerebral arteries
3. basilar & vertebral arteries
4. posterior & anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

a. i & ii
b. ii & iii
c. iii & iv
d. all are right

Answer 19

a. i & ii

1. posterior communicating & cerebral arteries
2. anterior communicating & cerebral arteries

Question 20

What is true about the heart skeleton??

1. it consists of a plate of connective tissue between the atria & ventricles
2. forming the fibrous rings around the atrioventricular & semilunar valves
3. both 1 & 2 are correct
4. no such thing

Answer 20

3. both 1 & 2 are correct
4. it consists of a plate of connective tissue between the atria & ventricles
5. forming the fibrous rings around the atrioventricular & semilunar valves

Question 21

Costimulation:

1. are chemicals released by foreign substances that are needed to stimulate B or T cells alone
2. is a state of unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to a specific antigen
3. are chemicals released by cytokines that act as secondary signals with MHC II/Ag complex to stimulate B or T cells
4. Is the action of T and B cells working together to stimulate the complement cascade

Answer 21

3. are chemicals released by cytokines that act as secondary signals with MHC II/Ag complex to stimulate B or T cells

Question 22

Which of the following are ways that the body ensures tolerance?

1. prevention of the activation of lymphocytes
2. deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes
3. activation of regulatory T cells
4. all of the above

Answer 22

4. all of the above
5. prevention of the activation of lymphocytes
6. deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes
7. activation of regulatory T cells

Question 23

The structure of an antibody includes which of the following?

1. antigen-binding sites, variable/constant regions, complement-binding, cell binding site
2. antibody binding sites, constant regions, cell-binding site
3. variable & constant regions, complement-binding site
4. continuous double strand of a polypeptide

Answer 23

1. antigen-binding sites, variable/constant regions, complement-binding, cell binding site

Question 24

Which of the following are affects of antibodies?

1. facilitate phagocytosis & inactive Ag
2. initiated the release of inflammatory chemicals
3. activate complement & bind antigen together
4. all of the above
5. none of the above

Answer 24

4. all of the above
5. facilitate phagocytosis & inactive Ag
6. initiated the release of inflammatory chemicals
7. activate complement & bind antigen together

Question 25

Which of the following is not associated with the medulla oblongata? 1. vasomotor center 2. cardioacceleratory center 3. cardioinhibitory center 4. vasodilation center

Answer 25

4. vasodilation center

Question 26

A decrease in blood and/or osmotic pressure will cause which chain of events by the baroreceptors? 1. stimulate the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary 2. stimulate the hypothalamus to stimulate the posterior pituitary 3. antidiuretic hormone release from the posterior pituitary 4. adrenal cortotropic hormone release from the anterior pituitary a. i & iii b. ii & iv c. ii & iii d. i & iv

Answer 26

c. ii & iii 2. stimulate the hypothalamus to stimulate the posterior pituitary 3. antidiuretic hormone release from the posterior pituitary

Question 27

Arteriovenous anastomoses 1. it allows blood to flow from venules to capillaries 2. it is a canal btwn the atrias and the ventricles 3. it allows blood to flow from arteriole to small veins without passing through capillaries 4. is a canal btwn the aorta and the L ventricle.

Answer 27

3. it allows blood to flow from arteriole to small veins without passing through capillaries

Question 28

Which of the following are types of arteries? 1. fibrous, muscular, arterioles 2. elastic, muscular, arterioles 3. connective, smooth, arterius 4. simple epithelial, smooth, arterius

Answer 28

2. elastic, muscular, arterioles

Question 29

Different types of veins

Answer 29

1. large vein 2. medium sized 3. venule

Question 30

What artery is the only one to branch from the ascending aorta?

Answer 30

coronary arteries

Question 31

Which vein is the longest vein in the body?

Answer 31

great saphenous vein

Question 32

Which is true to an inflammatory response? 1. it causes vasodilation, which increases blood flow & the # of phagocytes to the area 2. it causes increase vascular permeability allowing fibrinogens & compliment to enter the tissue from the blood 3. fibrinogen is converted to fibrin clotting off the infected area 4. compliment enhances inflammatory response & attract more phagocytes a. 1 & 2 b. 3 & 4 c. all of the above d. none of the above

Answer 32

c. all of the above 1. it causes vasodilation, which increases blood flow & the # of phagocytes to the area 2. it causes increase vascular permeability allowing fibrinogens & compliment to enter the tissue from the blood 3. fibrinogen is converted to fibrin clotting off the infected area 4. compliment enhances inflammatory response & attract more phagocytes

Question 33

___ is a polypeptide release from the ___ of the heart and stimulates the rate or urine production & Na+ loss & causes vasodilation of arteries/veins decrease in blood pressure through a decrease in blood volume.

Answer 33

ANH, atria

Question 34

As blood flows from the arteries through the capillaries & veins, the pressure _____ progressively. 1. increase 2. decrease 3. remains constant 4. fluxuates

Answer 34

2. decrease

Question 35

____ is the period contraction/relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causes blood flow through capillaries to be cyclic. 1. valve activation 2. ventricular flow 3. vasomotion 4. arterial flow

Answer 35

3. vasomotion periodic contraction/relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causing blood flow through capillaries to be cyclic