Test 4: Chapter 26 Urinary System

Question 1

Which of these is NOT a general function of the kidneys?

1. regulation of blood volume
2. regulation of solute concentration in the blood
3. regulation of the pH of the extracellular fluid
4. regulation of vitamin A synthesis
5. regulation of red blood cell synthesis

Answer 1

4. regulation of vitamin A synthesis

Question 2

The cortex of the kidney contains the

1. hilum
2. glomeruli
3. adipose tissue
4. renal pyramids
5. renal pyramids

Answer 2

2. glomeruli

Question 3

Given these structures, choose the order as urine leaves the collecting duct and travels to ureter.

1. major calyx
2. minor calyx
3. renal papilla
4. renal pelvis

Answer 3

3 2 1 4

3. renal papilla
4. minor calyx
5. major calyx
6. renal pelvis

Question 4

Which of these structures contains blood?

1. glomerulus
2. vasa recta
3. distal convoluted tubule
4. Bowman capsule
5. both 1 and 2

Answer 4

5. both 1 and 2
6. glomerulus
7. vasa recta

Question 5

The juxtaglomerular cells of the ____ and the macula densa cells of the ___ form the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

1. afferent arteriole; proximal convoluted tubule
2. afferent arteriole; distal convoluted tubule
3. efferent arteriole; proximal convoluted tubule
4. efferent arteriole; distal convoluted tubule

Answer 5

2. afferent arteriole; distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

Given these blood vessels, choose the corrent order as blood passes from interlobular artery to inerlobular vein.

1. afferent arteriole
2. efferent arteriole
3. glomerulus
4. peritubular capillaries

Answer 6

1 3 2 4

1. afferent arteriole
2. glomerulus
3. efferent arteriole
4. peritubular capillaries

Question 7

Which of the processes is responsible for kidney function?

1. filtration
2. secretion
3. reabsorption
4. both 1 and 2
5. all of these are correct

Answer 7

5. all of these are correct
6. filtration
7. secretion
8. reabsorption
9. both 1 and 2

Question 8

The amount of plasma that enters the Bowman capsule per minute is the

1. GFR
2. renal plasma flow
3. renal fraction
4. renal blood flow

Answer 8

1. GFR

Glumerular filtration rate

Question 9

If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg, and the blood colloid osmotic pressure within the glomerulus is 30 mm Hg, the filtration pressure is

1. -20 mm Hg
2. 0 mm Hg
3. 20 mm Hg
4. 60 mm Hg

Answer 9

2. 0 mm Hg

Question 10

Which of these conditions reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus?

1. elevated blood pressure
2. constriction of the afferent arterioles
3. decreased plasma protein in the glomerulus
4. dilation of the afferent arterioles
5. decreased capsular hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

2. constriction of the afferent arterioles

Question 11

If blood pressure increases by 50 mm Hg

1. the afferent arterioles constrict
2. glomerular capillary pressure increases by 50 mm Hg
3. GFR increases dramactically
4. efferent arterioles constrict
5. all of these are correct

Answer 11

1. the afferent arterioles constrict

Question 12

Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the

1. end of the proximal convoluted tubule
2. tip of the loop of Henle
3. end of the distal convoluted tubule
4. end of the collecting duct
5. Bowman capsule

Answer 12

1. end of the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 13

The greatest volume of water is reabsorbed from the nephron by the

1. proximal convoluted tubule
2. loop of Henle
3. distal convoluted tubule
4. collecting duct

Answer 13

1. proximal convoluted tubule

Question 14

Water leaves the nephron by

1. active transport
2. filtration into the capillary network
3. osmosis
4. facilitated diffusion
5. symport

Answer 14

3. osmosis

Question 15

Potassium ions enter the ____ by ____.

1. proximal convoluted tubule, diffusion
2. proximal convoluted tubule, active transport
3. distal convoluted tubule, diffusion
4. distal convoluted tubule, antiport

Answer 15

4. distal convoluted tubule, antiport

Question 16

Reabsorption of most solute molecules from the proximal convoluted tubule is linked to the active transport of Na+ across the

1. apical membrane and out of the cell
2. apical membrane and into the cell
3. basal membrane and out of the cell
4. basal membrane and into the cell

Answer 16

3. basal membrane and out of the cell

Question 17

Which of these ions is used to symport amino acids, glucose, and other solutes through the apical membrane of nephron epithelial cells?

1. K+
2. Na+
3. C-
4. Ca2+
5. Mg2+

Answer 17

2. Na+

Question 18

Which of the following contributes to the formation of a hyperosmotic environment in the medulla of the kidneys?

1. the effects of ADH on water permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2. the impermeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to water
3. the symport of Na+, K+, and Cl- out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
4. both 1 and 3
5. both 2 and 3

Answer 18

5. both 2 and 3

Question 19

At which of these sites is the osmolality of the filtrate at its lowest (lowest concentration)?

1. glomerular capillary
2. proximal convoluted tubule
3. top of the loop of Henle
4. initial section of the distal convoluted tubule
5. collecting duct

Answer 19

4. initial section of the distal convoluted tubule

Question 20

Increased aldosterone causes

1. increased reabsorption of Na+
2. decreased blood pressure
3. decreased reabsorption of Cl-
4. increased volume of urine

Answer 20

1. increased reabsorption of Na+

Question 21

Juxtaglomerular cells are involved in the secretion of

1. ADH
2. angiotensin
3. aldosterone
4. renin

Answer 21

4. renin

Question 22

Angiotensin II

1. causes vasoconstriction
2. stimulates aldosterone secretion
3. stimulates ADH secretion
4. increases the sensation of thirst
5. all of these are correct

Answer 22

4. all of these are correct
5. causes vasoconstriction
6. stimulates aldosterone secretion
7. stimulates ADH secretion
8. increases the sensation of thirst

Question 23

ADH governs

1. Na+ pump of the proximal convoluted tubules
2. water permeability of the loop of Henle
3. Na+ pump of the vasa recta
4. water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
5. Na+ reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 23

4. water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

Question 24

A decrease in blood osmolality results in

1. increased ADH secretion
2. increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water
3. decreased urine osmolality
4. decreased urine output
5. all of these are correct

Answer 24

3. decreased urine osmolality

Question 25

The amount of a substance that passes through the filtration membrane into the nephrons per minute is the 1. renal plasma flow 2. tubular load 3. plasma clearance 4. tubular maximum

Answer 25

3. plasma clearance

Question 26

The urinary bladder 1. is composed of skeletal muscle 2. is lined by simple columnar epithelium 3. is connected to the outside of the body by the ureter 4. is located in the pelvic cavity 5. has 2 urethras and 1 ureter attached to it

Answer 26

4. is located in the pelvic cavity