Angiotensin II receptors are found ______ and binding with ANG II causes _______.
- In the nuclei of bone marrow cells; increased erythropoiesis
- In the nuclei of renal cells; urinary excretion of more sodium and water
- On the surface of anterior pituitary-gland cells; reduced secretion of oxytocin
- On the surface of adrenal cortex; increased aldosterone synthesis and release.
On the surface of adrenal cortex; increased aldosterone synthesis and release.
Increased levels of _____ near systemic arterioles causes _______ in myosin kinase activity in their vascular circular smooth muscle.
- CO2 and H+; a decrease
- Antidiuretic hormone; a decrease
- Histamine; an increase
- Insulin; an increase
CO2 and H+; a decrease
Malnutrition can cause edema because:
- There are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis
- The resulting anemia increases blood pressure
- Interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels
- All of the above
There are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis
Injury to a blood vessel exposes _____ thus activating the agglutination of ______.
- Collagen; platelets
- Smooth muscle; leukocytes
- Elastin; reticulocytes
- Collagen; erythrocytes
Collagen; platelets
____ in the blood from an unconscious person delivered to you in an ambulance indicates that _____ has occurred
- Calcium ions; fatigue of skeletal muscle fibers
- Nitric oxide; a cerebral stroke
- Cardiac troponin; a myocardial infarction
- Epinephrine; sudden adrenal apoptosis
Cardiac troponin; a myocardial infarction
Which of the following drugs would directly increase cardiac output when given to a patient with a failing heart?
- EPI
- Beta blockers
- ANG II receptor blockers
- ACE inhibitors
Epi
A drug that increases the rate at which calcium ions are pumped back into the SR of pumping cells would be likely to:
- A decrease the filling of the ventricles
- Have no effect on the filling of the ventricles
- Increase filling the ventricles
- Prevent blood from entering the ventricles
Increase filling the ventricles
During an episode of abnormally low MAP, increased renal conservation of water results from an increased activity of ____ from the ____.
- Acetylcholine; adrenal medulla
- ANP; atria
- Aldosterone; adrenal cortex
- All of the above
Aldosterone; adrenal cortex
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except one:
- Factors that cause increased hematocrit
- Increased levels of histamine in the blood
- Elevated levels of epi at alpha adrenergic receptors
- Increased myosin kinase activity in smooth muscle of the peripheral blood vessels
Increased levels of histamine in the blood
Losing large quantities of sweat during a marathon will increase levels of ____ in the blood, which _____ diuresis and ___ blood vessels
- ADH; decreases; constricts
- ADH; increases; dilates
- ANP; decreases; constricts
- ANP; increases; dilates
ADH; decreases; constricts
Which is a characteristic of cardiac muscle only?
- Striated appearance
- Gap junctions
- Regulated by calcium in the cytosol
- Influenced by the ANS
- None of the above
None of the above
The hematocrit of a climber who has spent several weeks at high altitude will be ______ than normal because of increased release of _____ by the _____
- Lower; renin; bone marrow
- Higher, EPO; kidney
- Lower; renin; kidney
- Higher; EPO; bone marrow
Higher, EPO; kidney
Diuretics, which cause _____ in stroke volume would most likely be prescribed to a patient with ______.
- An increase; hypotension
- A decrease; hypotension
- An increase; hypertension
- A decrease; hypertension
A decrease; hypertension
When the left side of the heart pumps less blood than the right side of the heart ______ builds up in the pulmonary circuit causing _______.
- Hydrostatic pressure; edema
- Myosin kinase; slower breathing
- Osmotic pressure; edema
- Extracellular calcium; reduced stroke volume
Hydrostatic pressure; edema
Which of the following is a direct effect of parasympathetic signaling when blood pressure is too high?
- Induced relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle
- Decreased force of contraction of the heart
- Reduce blood volume
- Decrease heart rate
Decrease heart rate
Aspirin can be taken by some people that are at risk for a heart attach or stroke in order to:
- Dissolve fibrin clots
- Reduce platelet agglutination
- Dilate the coronary arterioles
- Increase calcium-troponin interactions
Reduce platelet agglutination
What causes elephantiasis
A microfilarial worm
