Lack of a functional androgen receptor
-complete androgen insensitivity syndrom, aka testicular feminization mutation
People with TFR:
-Look female on the outside but have an XY meaning they still have testes, and are infertile
-Have a mutation where testosterone and DHT are not able to bind with the androgen receptor since it is dysfunctional.
No T = no internal male reproductive structures developing from the wolfing system
No DHT = no male external structures (penis)
Lack of a functional estrogen receptor
- causes infertility since estradiol is necessary in males for maturation of sperm and the epididymis. In F it is necessary for ovulation to occur.
- Also causes individuals to be very tall bc estradiol causes sealing of the growth plates at puberty - growth of long bones don’t stop
- osteoporosis since estrogen maintains bone density
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- individuals suffer from excess testosterone production which causes masculinizing effects in females are early early puberty in boys
- caused by a mutation in the gene for 21-hydroxylase, causing none to be produced. Because of the law of mass action this causes progesterone to be converted into testosterone and DHT causing high levels and to match the high levels of progesterone causing the symptoms
In males FSH acts on what cells to cause
-Sertoli cells to cause spermatogenesis
In males LH acts on what cells to cause
Lydig cells to cause testosterone secretion
In females what cells does FSH act on and what is the response
Granolas cells; secrete mostly E2 in the blood which works to cause negative feedback
In females what cells does LH act on and what is the response
Theca cells; secrete androgens (mostly T)
-some T is converted into E2 and released into blood or into granulosa cells
When allowed to develop the Mullein ducts become the:
Fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper vagina
Reductase inhibitors reduce the amount of ____ in the blood
Dihydrotestosterone
The fallopian tubes are derived from the ____ system and _____ normally occurs here
Mullerian duct; fertilization
_______ of testosterone into the granolas cells from theca cells is an example of ______
simple diffusion; paracrine signaling
Leptin binding with receptors in the female hypothalamus is a signal involved in initiating
Puberty
Estradiol has a brief _____ feedback effect on the hypothalamus to cause _____
positive; ovulation
Loss of the uterine lining occurs when _____ fails to bind with receptors in the uterus
Progesterone
Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by th e_____ and maintains the _____
chorion of the embryo; corpus luteum
What is responsible for the cessation of reproductive cycles in women?
The ovaries are unable to respond to luteinizing hormone or follicle stimulation hormone
