test 9

Question 1

bitters

Answer 1

found in:

• monoterpen derivatives
• sesquiterpen lactones
• diterpenes

activate taste receptors -> secretion of salvia gastric acid and chole -> improve digestion (30min before meal)

Question 2

bitterness determination:

Answer 2

• compairing threshold bitter conc to that of quinine hydrochloride

Question 3

types of drugs containing bitters

Answer 3

type depends on helper compound type

Question 4

great yellow gentian

Answer 4

gentiana lutea

1. root
2. secoiridoid bitters
3. appatizer, improve digestion, infusion

Question 5

centaury

Answer 5

centaurium erythtea

1. flower
2. secoiridoid bitters
3. increase secretion of gastric juice and bile, for digestive disorders and ext for wound healing

Question 6

wormwood

Answer 6

artemisia absinthium

1. flowering apex of shoot
2. artabsin, absinthin
3. appetizing effect, increase secretion of gastric juice and bile

Question 7

arnica

Answer 7

arnica montana

1. flower
2. helenanin
3. anti- inflammatory, anti-microbial, infusion

Question 8

st. benedicts thistle

Answer 8

cnicus benedictus

1. above ground parts
2. cninin
3. increase secretion of gastric acid, antimicrobial effect, against digestive disorders

Question 9

artichoke

Answer 9

cynara scolymus

1. leaf
2. sesquiterpenlactons
3. decrease fat content of blood

Question 10

dandelion

Answer 10

taraxacum officinale

1. whole plant
2. sesquiterpene lactons
3. appertizing effect -> increase gall production

Question 11

terpenoids - diterpenes

Answer 11

C20

regulate plant growth

many toxic, medicinal agents

Question 12

white horehound

Answer 12

marrubium vulgare

1. whole flowering plant
2. diterpene bitters
3. improve digestion,

Question 13

triterpenes

Answer 13

C30

phytosterols
steroid-glycoalkaloids
saponins
cardiac glycosides

Question 14

cardiac glycosides

Answer 14

faster and more powerful heart contraction

2 types: bufadienolide and cardenolide

Question 15

cardenolides

Answer 15

hydrophilic(sugar) and hydrophobic(steroid) part
5 member ring

dont use as home remidy –> specific dosage, toxic if wrong

Question 16

spp. digitalis

Answer 16

foxglove spp.

1. leaf
2. steroid - glycosides
3. industrial use only

Question 17

saponins

Answer 17

emusifying effect: hydrophobic and hydrophillic part

foam in rumen

hemolysis

disintegrated cell membranes

Question 18

cowslip

Answer 18

primula veris

1. root
2. primulasaponins
3. secretolytic, cough medicine

Question 19

fenugreek

Answer 19

trigonella foenum

1. seed
2. steroid saponins
3. stimulate lactation, lowers glucose conc in blood

Question 20

ginseng

Answer 20

panax ginseng

1. root
2. ginsenosides
3. decrease fatigue and weakness

Question 21

liquorice

Answer 21

glycyrrhiza glabra

1. root
2. triterpene glycosides
3. anti-inflammatory, secrolytic, gastic ulcer treatment

Question 22

pot marigold

Answer 22

calendula officinalis

1. ray flower, flower
2. volatile oils, flavanoids
3. increase gall production, anti-inflammatory, tea