What are the 2 types of cells?
- Prokaryote
- Eukaryote
Define Prokaryote and give an example
A cell with no nucleus
Example:
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Define Eukaryote and give an example
A cell with a nucleus
Example:
- Plant cells
- Animal cells
Name some properties of Prokaryotes
- Before “nucleus”
- Single and small celled
- DNA in nuclear region (not bound by nuclear membrane)
- No organelles except ribosomes
Name some properties of Eukaryotes
- “True nucleus”
- Complex cells
- DNA in membrane
- Bound nucleus
- Many membrane bound organelles
What are organelles?
Specialized subunits within the cell
Usually surrounded by a lipid bilayer
Properties of Cell membranes
- Regulates movement into and out of cell
- Separates all cell contents from the environment
- PHOSPHOLIPID bilayer
Properties of Nucleus
- Controls all cell activities
- Double membrane that contains the GENETIC material
Properties of Nucleolus
- Dense spherical structure
- Found in nucleus
- Site of ribosomes synthesis
Properties of Cytoplasm
- Gel like substance
- Site of chemical reactions
- Where organelles are located
Properties of Endo-Plasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Folded membrane that forms a system of canals which transport materials to different parts of the cell
Endo-Plasmic Reticulum continues
Property of Smooth ER
Concerned with lipid synthesis in the cells
Endo-Plasmic Reticulum continues
Property of Rough ER
- Involved in protein synthesis
- Ribosomes are attached to the outside
Properties of Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Small spherical bodies free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER
Properties of Golgi Apparatus (Body/Complex)
- Packages up and moves (secretes) proteins, lipids and carbs out of the cell
- Flattened membrane bound disks
Properties of Lysosomes
- Membrane bound sacs, containing enzymes
- Breaks down food and digest wastes and worn out cell parts
Properties of Mitochondria
- Site of aerobic metabolism
- Transforms energy (from food in the form of ATP (chemical energy (what the cell uses)))
Properties of Centriole
- Paired cylindrical structures
- Separate chromosome pairs during mitosis
Properties of Vacuole
- Mainly found in plant cells
- Stores starches, water, wastes, and other materials
- Involved in TURGOR (pressure inside cells)
Properties of Cell Wall
- Rigid structure
- Surrounding cell membrane of plants, fungi, and some unicellular organisms
- Protects and supports the cell
Properties of Chloroplast
- Contains chlorophyll
- Enables plants to make carbohydrates
What is the Cell Theory?
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the basic units of living organisms
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
