Four basic tenants of cell theory
- All living things are comprised of cells
- Cells are basic functional unit of life
- Cells originate from other cells
- Nucleus within cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA that is passed onto daughter cells
Are viruses considered living organisms?
No because:
- They are acellular
- Cannot reproduce on their own
- may contain RNA as their genetic materal
The two main factors that distinguish prokaryotes from eurkaryotes.
Prokaryotes lack:
- Membrane Bounds Organelles
- Nucleus
What is the cellular membrane made of?
Lipid bilayer made of phospholipids with hydrophobic interior and hydrophillic exterior.
Suspends organelles and allows diffusion of molecules through cell.
Cytosol
List major organelles within eukaryotes cell.
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosome
- Peroxisome
- Cytoskeleton
Nucleus: Role and Structures
“Control Center”
- Houses DNA (genetic information) in the form of chromosomes
Structures
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nuclear Pores
- Nucelolus
Purpose of Nucleolus
Synthesizes rRNA.
How is DNA organized?
As chromosomes with coding regions that contain genes.
Mitochondria: Role and Structures
“Power House”
- Important for metabolic function (production of ATP)
Aptosis
- Contain hydrolytic enzymes that initiate programmed cell death
Structures
- Outer Membrane
- Intermembrane Space
- Inner Membrane
- Cristae: Contains enzymes for ETC
- Matrix
How is mitochondria different from other organelles?
- Asexual reproduction via binary fission
- Produces own DNA seperate from nucleus
- DNA is circular and DS (same as prokaryotic DNA)
Lysosomes: Role and Function
“Waste Bin”
- digest substances ingested by endocytosis and cellular waste products
Autolysis
- Reases enzymes that initiate programmed cell death (like mitochondria)
Rough and Smooth ER: Role and Structues
General
- Series of interconnected membranes
- Continuous with Nuclear envelope
Rough ER
- Ribsomes
- Protein Synthesis via Translation
Smooth
- Lipid Synthesis
- Protein Transport
- Detoxification
Golgi Apparatus: Roles
- Modification
- Sorting
- Packaging (and directing products to cellular locations)
Peroxisomes: Role
- Contain hydrogen Peroxide
- Hydrolyze fatty acid chains via B-oxidation
- Participate in
- Phospholipid Synthesis
- Pentose Pathway
Cytoskeleton: Role and Strucutes
Role
- Structure Cell
- Shape Cell
- Provide Transport Pathways for molecules within cell
Structures
- Microfilaments
- Microtubules
- Intermediate Filaments
