The Developing Person

Question 1

Define developmental psychologist

Answer 1

Psychologists that examine how we develop physically, cognitively, and socially through a life span

Question 2

Define zygote

Answer 2

Conceptions- 2 weeks old

Question 3

Define embryo

Answer 3

2 weeks- 8 weeks old

Question 4

Define fetus

Answer 4

9 weeks old - birth

Question 5

Define teratogens

Answer 5

Anything the mother ingests during pregnancy that can reach the developing child

Question 6

Define rooting reflex

Answer 6

Baby opens mouth when their cheek is touched

Question 7

Define babinski reflex

Answer 7

Baby’s foot fans out when their toes are stroked

Question 8

Define moro reflex

Answer 8

Baby’s fling their arms out when they are startled

Question 9

T/F: Babies know their mothers smell in one week

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Who believed the child mind is not the mind of a miniature adult

Answer 10

Jean Piaget

Question 11

Define schemas

Answer 11

Mental molds into which we pour experiences

Question 12

List all four stages of Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and describe them

Answer 12

1: Birth - 2 years: SENSORY MOTOR (experiencing the world through senses)

2: 2 years- 7 years: PEROPERATIONAL (representing things with words and images)

3: 7 years- 11 years: CONCRETE OPERATIONAL (thinking logically about concrete events)

4: 12 years- Adulthood: FORMAL OPERATIONAL (abstract reasoning)

Question 13

When does social development begin

Answer 13

At birth

Question 14

What two people experimented on attachment styles (one wire money one soft monkey)

Answer 14

Harry and Margret Harlow

Question 15

Who characterized the three attachment types

Answer 15

Mary Ainsworth

Question 16

Define the anxious avoidant attachment type

Answer 16

Child is not distressed at mothers departure and turns away from her upon return

Question 17

Define anxious resistant

Answer 17

Child stays extremely close to the mother and becomes distressed at mothers departure. Upon mother’s arrival, the child seeks comfort and distance

Question 18

Define securely attached

Answer 18

Child is distressed with mothers departure. Upon arrival, the child is easily soothed

Question 19

Define attachment

Answer 19

Any emotional tie with caregiver

Question 20

Define stranger anxiety

Answer 20

Fear of strangers

Question 21

Define imprinting

Answer 21

When certain animals form attachments during the critical period

Question 22

Who “coined” the term imprinting

Answer 22

Konrad Lorenz (after he become the “mom” to baby geese)

Question 23

T/F: Children deprived from forming attachments are withdrawn, speechless, frightened, and grow up to be unloving

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Define authoritarian

Answer 24

Parents impose rules and expect obedience

Question 25

Define permissive

Answer 25

Parents submit to their children's desires

Question 26

Define authoritative

Answer 26

Parents are both demanding and responsive

Question 27

T/F: During teens years girls become more assertive and boys become less assertive

Answer 27

False: During teen years girls become less assertive and boys become more assertive

Question 28

Who was Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 28

Psychologist who believed as we develop intellectually, we pass through three levels of moral thinking

Question 29

Define preconventional morality

Answer 29

Children before 9 obey either to avoid punishment or gain reward

Question 30

Define conventional morality

Answer 30

Early adolescence evolves to uphold laws and social rules

Question 31

Define post conventional morality

Answer 31

One follows what one personality perceives as basic ethical principals

Question 32

List all eight stages of Jean Piaget's stages of psychological development and describe them

Answer 32

1: (0-18 months) Trust vs. Mistrust 2: (2-3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt 3: (3-5 years) Initiative vs. guilt 4: (6-11 years) Industry vs. inferiority 5: (12-18 years) Identity vs. role confusion 6: (19-40) Intimacy vs. isolation 7: (40-65 years) Generativity vs. stagnation 8: (65-death) Ego identity vs. despair

Question 33

T/F: Recall begins to decline as you get older into adulthood

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Define fluid intelligence

Answer 34

Ability to reason quickly (declines later in life)

Question 35

Define crystallized intelligence

Answer 35

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills (stay's the same with age)