state the 5 kingdoms
animalia
plantae
fungi
protoctista
prokaryote
how are organisms classified into the five kingdoms?
observable features
what are the physical features of animalia?
- multicellular
- membrane bound organelles
- no chloroplasts
- move with aid of cilia, flagella or contractile proteins
what nutrition do animalia have?
heterotrophic
what are the physical features of plantae
- multicellular
- membrane bound organelles
- cellulose cell wall
- contains chlorophyll
what nutrition do plantae have?
autotrophic
what are the physical features of fungi?
- unicellular or multicellular
- chitin cell wall
- multinucleate cytoplasm
- body/mycelium made of threads
what nutrition do fungi have?
saprophytic (absorb)
what are the physical features of protoctista?
- mainly unicellular
- membrane bound organelles
- some have chloroplasts
what nutrition do protoctista have?
heterotrophic or autotrophic
what are the physical features of prokaryotae?
- unicellular
- no membrane bound organelles
- naked DNA and loop of DNA in cytoplasm
- peptidoglycan cell walls
- smaller ribosomes
what nutritions do prokaryotae have?
absorption through cell wall or produced internally by photosynthesis
what is a three domain system?
classification of organisms by:
- rRNA sequence differences
- cell membrane lipid structure
- sensitivity to antibiotics
what are the 3 domains?
archaea, eukarya, bacteria
what are the features of eukarya?
- 80s ribosomes
- RNA polymerase contains 12 proteins
what are the features of bacteria?
- 70s ribosomes
- RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins
what are the features of archaea?
- 70s ribosomes
- DNA polymerase contains 8-10 proteins
describe the evidence used to create the 3 domain system
- eubacteria are chemically different to archaebacteria (they have peptidoglycan cell wall)
- archaebacteria live in extreme conditions (hot, anaerobic, highly acidic)
