If the positive correlation coefficient was 0.4, what would be the variance?
16% (you square it)
What is the third variable problem?
there is a third variable acting on both intention and behaviour
makes it look like theres correlation
When must the measure of behaviour be taken?
after the measure of intention
Relationship between behaviour and intentions
behaviour determines intentions to a small extent
effect size of monitoring progress
monitoring progress has a very large effect size (~2 d value)
Why is monitoring progress so effective?
able to identify discrepancies
decide how to allocate efforts
Does it matter how people monitor?
if your goal is the outcome, e.g. lose some weight, monitor the outcome e.g. weight after each week
and vice versa
Which condition most weakens the predictive power of intentions?
behaviour embedded in stable environmental cues
From a dual-process perspective, the intention–behaviour gap arises primarily because:
reflective intentions are overridden by impulsive processes
Why might perceived progress sometimes reduce subsequent effort?
it reduces the salience of the goal discrepancy
Which feature of self-monitoring interventions most directly targets the intention–behaviour gap?
translating abstract intentions into concrete feedback
If a monitoring intervention fails to improve behaviour, which conclusion is most defensible?
the form or timing of monitoring may have been suboptimal
Which explanation best reflects why changes in intention often fail to produce equivalent behavioural change?
Situational and self-regulatory constraints interfere with enactment
Which critique of intention-focused interventions is most consistent with Webb and Sheeran’s conclusions?
They overestimate the causal power of intentions in isolation
What does Harkin et al.’s meta-analysis suggest about the overall effect of monitoring goal progress on behaviour?
Monitoring produces small but reliable improvements in goal attainment
Which limitation of monitoring-based interventions is most consistent with Harkin et al.’s analysis?
Monitoring effects are short-lived once feedback is removed
Which statement best reflects the empirical relationship between intentions and behaviour?
Intentions are strong predictors of behaviour but typically explain only moderate variance
Which theoretical perspective most strongly challenges the idea that intentions alone determine behaviour?
Habit theory
According to control theory, monitoring promotes goal attainment primarily by:
Highlighting discrepancies between current and desired states
Which pattern of findings best supports a dual-process view of behaviour regulation?
Behaviour is predicted by intentions only when habits are weak
Which finding would most strongly challenge the claim that intentions are the primary determinant of behaviour?
Behaviour changes occur in the absence of conscious intentions
A participant sets a goal to reduce social media use but checks usage statistics only at the end of each week. Compared to daily monitoring, this approach is most likely to:
Decrease timely self-correction following goal deviation
A runner tracks mileage obsessively and becomes demotivated after missing weekly targets. This outcome is most consistent with which critique of monitoring?
Monitoring exaggerates discrepancies between actual and ideal behaviour
Which explanation best accounts for why people may sincerely intend to act prosocially but fail to do so in everyday situations?
Competing goals interfere at the point of action
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Organisational Psychology14
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The Intention-Behaviour Gap26
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Bridging the I-B Gap16
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Affiliation, Acceptance and Rejection22
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Personality and Individual Differences18
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Prosocial behaviour20
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Aggression19
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Social Influences on Health and Environmental Behaviours21
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General Psychology Terms12
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Social Methods3
