the learning environment

Question 1

Nature of the Skill

Answer 1

A skill can be:
- Open or Closed
- Gross or Fine
- Discrete, Serial or Continuous
- Self or externally paced

Question 2

Nature of the Skill: OPEN OR CLOSED

Answer 2

• Opened: performed in a constantly changing environment
  E.G. Weather
• Closed: performed in same environment
  E.G. Weightlifting

Question 3

Nature of the Skill: GROSS OR FINE

Answer 3

• Gross: Requires large muscle groups
  E.G. Running
• Fine: Requires small or isolated muscles
  E.G. Shooting

Question 4

Nature of the Skill: DISCRETE, SERIAL, CONTINUOUS

Answer 4

• Discrete: Has clear beginning and end
  E.G. Gymnastics
• Serial: Combines a number of seperate smaller skills to perform the larger complex skill
  E.G. Lay up in basketball
• Continuous: Repeat a specific movement over and over again
  E.G. Running

Question 5

Nature of the Skill: SELF-PACED, EXTERNALLY PACED

Answer 5

• Self-Paced: Timing and speed is determined by performer
  E.G. Tennis serve
• Externally-Paced: Timing and speed is determined by external factors such as music, rhythm
  E.G. Figure skating

Question 6

Performance Elements

Answer 6

• Decision Making
• Strategic Development
• Tactical Development

Question 7

Performance Elements: DECISION MAKING

Answer 7

• Various decisions made by an athlete during a performance
  E.G. Where to hit ball

Question 8

Performance Elements: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT

Answer 8

• Method used to achieve the goal, normally winning the competition
• Where an athlete should be at a particular time and what they should do

Question 9

Performance Elements: TACTICAL DEVELOPMENT

Answer 9

• Gaining an advantage over the opposing player
  E.G. Moving into space

Question 10

Practice Methods

Answer 10

• Massed Practice or Distributed Practice
• Whole Practice or Part Practice

Question 11

Practice Methods: MASSED

Answer 11

• Continuous practice with small rest periods
• Works for skilled and motivated athletes
  E.G. Passing in soccer

Question 12

Practice Methods: DISTRIBUTED

Answer 12

• Short practice with long rest periods
• Works for less skilled and less motivated athletes
• Used for more difficult skills that need to be broken up

Question 13

Practice Methods: WHOLE

Answer 13

• Skill is practiced entirely and
  E.G. Swimming

Question 14

Practice Methods: PART

Answer 14

• Skill is broken down into its smaller parts and each part is practiced in isolation
  E.G. Basketball layup

Question 15

Feedback

Answer 15

• Internal or External
• Concurrent or Delayed

Question 16

Feedback: INTERNAL

Answer 16

• Comes from within the performer and how the movement felt and relies on proprioception
  E.G. A soccer player feeling that they did not connect with the ball correctly

Question 17

Feedback: EXTERNAL

Answer 17

• Comes from outside the performer and includes sound, videos or coach
  E.G. An AFL player scores a goal from 40m out

Question 18

Feedback: CONCURRENT

Answer 18

• Feedback during the execution of the skill
  E.G. Coach stopping a golfer mid-swing to correct their grip on the handle

Question 19

Feedback: DELAYED

Answer 19

• Feedback during after the skill is complete
  E.G. Video analysis of baseball pitcher