Anatomy Final > The Thoracic Wall, Lungs and Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

The Thoracic Wall, Lungs and Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the Sternum?

A

Manubrium = head of sternum, has clavicular notch for sternoclavicular joint.

Body = joins manubrium at sternal angle (Of Louis)

Xiphoid process = lowest point of sternum

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2
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the ribs?

A

Head = articulates with 2 vertebral bodies & 1 disc

Tubercle = Articulates with 1 transverse process

Body = Region of greatest curve = angle

Costal Groove = formed by intercostal V. A. & N.

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3
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the ribs?

A

Head = articulates with 2 vertebral bodies & 1 disc

Tubercle = Articulates with 1 transverse process

Body = Region of greatest curve = angle

Costal Groove = formed by intercostal V., A. & N.

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4
Q

Internal Thoracic A & V run from _____ to ____.

A

2nd to 4th intercostal space

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5
Q

Lymphatics of the Pectoral region drain to where?

A

To parasternal nodes & axillary nodes

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6
Q

Lat. & Ant. Nerve of 4th to 6th intercostal nerves carry __________ innervation.

A

Cutaneous

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7
Q

What muscles make up the Pectoral Region?

A

Pectoralis major and Minor

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8
Q

__________ is divided into clavicular and sternocostal heads.

A

Pectoralis major

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9
Q

_______ is enveloped in clavipectoral Fascia.

A

Pectoralis minor

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10
Q

What are the structures of the Ant. Thoracic Wall?

A
  • Breasts
  • Ribs & sternum
  • Pectoral, intercostal & subcostal.
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11
Q

What are the structures of the Ant. Thoracic Wall?

A
  • Breasts
  • Ribs & sternum
  • Pectoral, intercostal & subcostal.
  • Intercostal vessels & nerves.
  • Internal Thoracic Vessels
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12
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 per side

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13
Q

What are the 3 intercostal muscles?

A

External
Internal
Innermost

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14
Q

Where is the Collateral Nerve, artery and vein located?

A

Superior edge of ribs (below the intercostal A,V & N because its on inferior edge of the rub above.)

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15
Q

What is the Pleura?

A

Serous secreting membranes that reduce friction.

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16
Q

What are the 2 main Pleura membranes?

A

Parietal Pleura

  • Covers Thoracic walls
  • Very Sensitive to Pain

Visceral Pleura

  • Covers lungs
  • NOT Sensitive (no sensory supply)
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17
Q

T or F, both Pleura membranes remain separate at the root of the lung.

A

False

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18
Q

T or F, both Pleura membranes remain separate at the root of the lung.

A

False they are continuous

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19
Q

What are pleural cavities?

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A

are potential cavities.

  • can become actual.
  • pathological fluid = effusion; may fill space.
  • may compress lungs.
  • pleural effusions visible on chest films.
  • can obscure lung in film.
20
Q

What are pleural cavities?

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A

are potential cavities.

  • can become actual.
  • pathological fluid = effusion; may fill space.
  • may compress lungs.
  • pleural effusions visible on chest films.
  • can obscure lung in film.
21
Q

_____ is an accumulation of air in pleural cavity.

Study These Flashcards
A

Pneumothorax

- Collapses lung due to its own elasticity.

22
Q

______ is accumulation of blood in pleural cavity.

Study These Flashcards
A

Hemothorax

- May cause adhesions & infection if not removed.

23
Q

What is Pleurisy?

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A

Inflammation of the pleura.

  • leads to formation of pleural adhesions
  • between paritetal and visceral
  • Can produce exquisite pain relative to partial pleura.
24
Q

What is Pleurisy?

Study These Flashcards
A

Inflammation of the pleura.

  • leads to formation of pleural adhesions
  • between parietal and visceral
  • Can produce exquisite pain relative to partial pleura.
25
what is a plural tap?
Aspiration of fluids - Taken at IC space 6 or 7 at Midaxillary line. * If needle is inserted at 8 or 9 may pierce diaphragm, liver or spleen.
26
Divisions of right lung?
Upper Middle Lower
27
Divisons of Left lung?
Upper & Lower
28
Where is the oblique fissure?
On both lungs
29
Where is the Horizontal fissure?
On right lung only because it has 3 lobes
30
_____ connects the lung to mediastinum.
Root of the lungs * covered in sleeve of pleura * consists of bronchi & pulmonary vessels
31
Inferiorly, the sleeve of pleura that covers the root of the lung becomes ________.
Pulmonary Ligament | *has only a few lymph vessels in it at this point
32
Trachea splits into _______, which splits into _________, which splits into ______.
into 2 primary main bronchi -----> splits into 2 or 3 secondary bronchi -----> splits into 8 or 10 tertiary (segmental) bronchi
33
In General what is the neurovasculature of the root of the lungs?
Sympathetic trunks - Paravertebral - dilates Bronchioles Vagus Nerve - Pass posteriorly to roots of lungs - Closely applied to trachea, esophagus & aorta. - Contribute to ant. & post. pulmonary plexuses. - Constrict the bronchioles
34
What is the Neurovascualture of the RIGHT Root of lung?
- Vagus nn. (pass post. to root of lungs) - Phrenic nn (Pass ant. to roots of lungs) - Pericardiacophrenic vessels (Run with phrenic nn.)
35
What is the Neurovascualture of the LEFT root of lung?
- Vagus nn. - Phrenic nn. - Pericardacophrenic vessels.
36
____ supplies nutrients to bronchi & lungs.
Bronchial aa.
37
Lymph is drained from the lungs via ________.
Tracheobronchial nodes & R/L bronchomediastinal trunks.
38
________ is a broad central partition separating 2 pleural Cavities.
Mediastinum
39
What are the 4 subdivisions of the mediastinum?
``` Superior Inferior Anterior Middle Posterior ```
40
The Mediastinum extends from ____ to _____ & from ______ to _______.
Thoracic inlet to diaphragm Sternum to 12th Thoracic Vertebra
41
What structures are found in the region of the Middle Mediastinum?
- Pericardium & Heart - Phrenic nn. applied to pericardium - Pericardiacophrenic vessels - Roots of great vessels to & from heart.
42
______ is a tough fibrous sac lined with serous membrane.
Pericardium
43
What are the 2 portions of the Pericardium?
Fibrous portion - attached to the diaphragm inferiorly Serous portion - divided into parietal and visceral layers
44
_____ encloses the heart & is Pierced by roots of 8 vessels.
Pericardium - SCV - IVC - Aorta - Pulm. trunk - 4 pulm vv.
45
What is the Pericardial Cavity?
Inside pericardial sac - Potential space between layers serous & Parietal layers. * only carries small amount of serous fluid.
46
What is pericardial Effusion?
Accumulation of excess fluid in pericardial cavity . - results in compression of heart. - Common in conjunction with congestive heart failure.
47
What is Hemoperricardium?
Accumulation of blood in pericardial cavity - Associated with penetrating heart wounds or perforated heart muscle following MI. * Arterial bleeding into cavity leads to Cardiac tamponade = compression of heart and roots of great vessels.
Anatomy Final
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