things to remember

Question 1

suggested percussion and auscultation areas: ANTERIOR

Answer 1

• apex above clavicle on both sides
• 2nd ICS MCL (just under sternal notch) on both sides
• 4th ICS MCL (level of middle lobe on R side)
• just below nipples at MCL (6th ICS)
• just under axilla

Question 2

suggested percussuion and auscultation areas: POSTERIOR

Answer 2

• apex: around rib 1 just lateral to spine
• T4 MCL
• T8 MCL

Question 3

what is the spinal level of the umbilicus?

Answer 3

L3/4

Question 4

what is the spinal level of the crest of the ilium?

Answer 4

L4

Question 5

what is the spinal level of the tubercle of the ilium?

Answer 5

L5

Question 6

what is the spinal level of ASIS?

Answer 6

S2

Question 7

what plane is at the level of the end of the 9th CC?

Answer 7

transpyloric plane

Question 8

describe the surface marking of the liver

Answer 8

• R 5th rib MCL –> L 5th ICS in MCL

- lower border follows costal margin

Question 9

describe the surface marking of the gall bladder

Answer 9

where transpyloric plane meets R MCL

at tip of 9th CC

Question 10

where is McBurney’s point? what is there?

Answer 10

APPENDIX

1/3 of distance from ASIS to umbilicus

Question 11

where is the caecum?

Answer 11

triangular area bounded by inter tubercular line and lateral half of R inguinal ligament and inferior part of MCL

Question 12

what should you do for an unresponsive child?

Answer 12

• 5 rescue breaths
• 15 chest compression
• 2 rescue breaths
• 15 chest compressions

Question 13

what should you do for an adult choking?

Answer 13

• ask to cough
• unconscious: CPR
• conscious: 5 back blows, 5 abdo thrusts

Question 14

how do the thrusts change in infants?

Answer 14

• do thrusts on chest in infant

- abdominal thrusts for child over 1

Question 15

what are the levels of the suprasternal notch, sternal angle and xiphisternum?

Answer 15

suprasternal = T2/3
sternal angle= T4/5
xiphisternum = T9

Question 16

where can you feel the brachial artery?

Answer 16

• middle 1/3 of shaft of humerus in bicipital groove

- in cubital fossa

Question 17

where can you feel the radial and ulnar pulses?

Answer 17

radial: lateral to FCR tendon
ulnar: under lateral border of FCU

Question 18

what is the location of inguinal ligament?

Answer 18

from ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 19

what is the location of superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 19

just superior to pubic tubercle

Question 20

what is the location of the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 20

1/2 inch above midpoint of inguinal ligament

Question 21

what is the difference between a male and female pelvic girdle?

Answer 21

• pelvic inlet: oval in females, heart in males

- subpubic angle: wide (>80 degrees) in females, narrow (50-60) in males

Question 22

where would you find the femoral pulse?

Answer 22

• below inguinal ligament

- about midway b/ symphysis pubis and ASIS

Question 23

what is the afferent arm of accomodation reflex?

Answer 23

1. ganglion cells
2. optic nerve
3. optic tracts
4. pretectal nucleus
5. EW nucleus

Question 24

what is the efferent arm of accomodation reflex?

Answer 24

1. EW nuclei
2. Parasympathetic fibres along occulomotor
3. ciliary ganglion
4. PNS fibres along ciliary nerves
5. sphincter pupillae = constriction

Question 25

what is the afferent arm of the corneal reflex?

Answer 25

touch sensation impulse sent along opthalmic branch of trigeminal

Question 26

what is the efferent arm of the corneal reflex?

Answer 26

from facial motor nucleus along facial nerve to orbicularis oculi

Question 27

what movements do the proximal and radial ulnar joints allow?

Answer 27

- pronation | - supination

Question 28

where are the dermatomes of C6, C7 and C8?

Answer 28

C6 - thumb and half of second finger C7 - 2nd half of 2nd finger, 3rd finger and half of 4th C8 -half of 4th finger and little finger

Question 29

how do you carry out the biceps reflex?

Answer 29

pt crosses legs and rests arms on leg forearm facing up pt stays fully relaxed

Question 30

what are the borders of the axilla?

Answer 30

ant: pec major, minor post: scapularis, teres major, lat dorsi medial: serratus anterior, thoracic wall lateral: intertubercular sulcus

Question 31

what are the border of the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 31

medial: tendon of EPL lateral: tendon of APL and EPB proximal: styloid process of radius

Question 32

what is the function of iliopsoas?

Answer 32

flexion and lateral rotation of thigh

Question 33

what muscles are in the anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 33

- tibialis anterior - EHL - EDL - supplied by anterior tibial artery - deep fibular nerve

Question 34

what is in the lateral compartment of leg? innervation?

Answer 34

- PL - PB - fibular nerve

Question 35

what are the muscles in the posterior compartment of leg? innervation and blood supply?

Answer 35

superficial = soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris deep = popliteus, FHL, FDL posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve

Question 36

where can you palpate the popliteal pulse?

Answer 36

midline in inferior part of popliteal fossa while their knee is flexed to relax hamstring

Question 37

where can you palpate the dorsalis pedis pulse?

Answer 37

dorsum of foot in 1st intermetatarsal space, just lateral to EDH tendon

Question 38

where can you palpate the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 38

behind and below medial malleouls | hold ankle of pt while they are lying on bed

Question 39

what are the surface markings of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 39

- leaves greater sciatic foramen - enters gluteal region midway b/ PSIS and ischial tuberosity - travels down halfway b/ ischial tuberosity

Question 40

what are borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 40

- sup: inguinal ligament - lateral: sartorius - medial: adductor longus

Question 41

what are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 41

- superolateral: biceps femoris - superomedial: semimembranosus and semitendinosus - inferolateral: lateral border of gastrocnemius, plantarias - inferomedial: medial border of gastrocnemius