Thinking and Decision Making

Question 1

Dual Systems Theory

Answer 1

The process of two separate yet interacting systems of thinking and Decision making

Question 2

System 1

Answer 2

Automatic, Holistic, Intuitive thinking based on Heuristics

• Universal
• Based on Inductive Reasoning

Question 3

Heuristics

Answer 3

• Heuristics are straight forward rules based upon past experiences
• cognitive tools which help to make quick decisions or judgments

Question 4

Types of Heuristics

Answer 4

• Availability Heuristics

- Representativeness Heuristic

Question 5

Availability Heuristic

Answer 5

past experiences/examples that are so readily available which encourage prejudgement

• often lead to preassumptions
• inaccurate or wrong reasoning

Question 6

Representativeness Heuristic

Answer 6

Assume and the individual case is more representative that is really is

Question 7

System 2

Answer 7

Analytical, Logical, Slower Thinking

• Effortful
• Requires memory attention to the task at hand

Question 8

Kahneman Theory

Answer 8

• System 1 operates=primary system of thinking

- System 2 “background mode”, little capacity is engaged

Question 9

System 1 and 2

Answer 9

Kahneman (2011)

• System 2 has the ability to change the way that system 1 works
• Programming memory and attention
  ex. Relative at a train station
• System 1 governs system 2 by what the individual is thinking about

Question 10

System 2 Kahneman

Answer 10

• Working mind
• Follows rules and compares objects, deliberate choices
• Low processing capacity
• Requires exclusion of attention to other matters

Question 11

System 1 Kahneman

Answer 11

• System 1 thinking is not all inaccurate
• Not all judgment is produced by Heuristics
• Accurate intuition= automaticity as a result of prolonged practice

Question 12

Link to Schema Theory

Answer 12

Highly Selective perception and memory shape/govern thinking=System 1 controls System 2 choices
Link to Schema=Automatic thinking is based on previous experiences

Question 13

Strengths of Theory

Answer 13

Neurophysiological evidence for two systems, increasing

Question 14

Limitations

Answer 14

Questions regarding nature of the two systems and their interaction remained unanswered
-Unclear localisation of dual systems theory in the brain