Describe the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT).
- Normal breathing (breathe in, breathe out)
- Deep breathing (deep breath in, hold for 4 seconds, breathe out)
- Forced Expiratory technique (FET) - (deep breath in, blow out like a huff to steam glasses)
Describe Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB).
Also known a ‘bird’, this is a respiratory therapy technique used to help people with breathing difficulties. It involves using a machine to deliver bursts of positive pressure into the lungs, helping to expand them and deliver medication.
What is a thoracic fracture?
A break in one or more of the vertebrae in the middle back, which is part of the thoracic spine. These fractures can range from minor cracks to severe breaks and dislocations. They are often caused by trauma, but can also result from osteoporosis or other medical conditions.
Outline Pneumonia.
A lung infection, often caused by bacteria or viruses.
Outline Pneumothorax.
A collapsed lung caused by air entering the space between the lung and chest wall.
Outline Pleural Effusion.
Fluid build-up in the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall.
Outline Empyema.
Pus collection in the pleural space, often due to infection.
Outline lung metastases.
Cancers that were originally somewhere else in the body that have spread to the lung.
Outline Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make breathing difficult.
Outline Cystic Fibrosis (CF).
A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, causing mucus build-up.
Outline Interstitial Lung Disease.
A group of diseases that cause scarring and inflammation in the lungs.
What is a Pectus Excavatum?
A sunken chest wall.
Outline Haemothorax
Blood in the pleural space.
Outline the two types of incision for thoracic surgery.
- VATS/RATS - video or robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery, less surgery, reduced risks of complications, may not need to be seen by PT
- Thoracotomy - large intercostal incision following course of risks, allows better access.
Outline Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS).
Removing emphysematous lung tissue to improve breathing in emphysema patients.
Outline the 4 types of lung resections.
- Wedge
- Segmentectomy - one segment
- Lobectomy - one lobe
- Pneumonectomy - one lung
Outline a pleurectomy.
A surgical procedure to remove part or all of the pleura, which is the lining of the lungs and chest wall.
