Thyroid Disease

Question 1

TSH and thyroid hormone cycle

Answer 1

Pituitary gland senses the level of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream

Pituitary gland sends TSH through the bloodstream to the thyroid gland

TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormone

The thyroid gland sends thyroid hormone through the bloodstream to the rest of the body

Question 2

Where is thyrotropin hormone released from

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

Function of thyroid glands

Answer 3

convert iodine into thyroid hormones

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

Question 4

Triiodothyronine V Thyroxine

Answer 4

Triiodothyronine is the active form, thyroxine does not initiate reaction

thyroxine is metabolised by enzymes in your liver, brain and kidneys to produce Triiodothyronine

Question 5

Function of thyroid hormones

Answer 5

Regulation of weight
Energy levels
Internal temperature
Skin
Hair
Nail growth
Metabolism

Question 6

Effects of Hypothyroidism

Answer 6

Cardio: Bradycardia, reduced cardiac output

Metabolic: cold skin, weight gain

Neuromuscular: weakness, sluggish reflexes

Mental: sluggish, placid

Gastro: constipation

Question 7

Effects of hyperthyroidism

Answer 7

Cardio: tachycardia, increased cardiac output

Metabolic: increased metabolism, skin hot, weight loss

Neuromuscular: tremor, hyperactive reflexes

Mental: restlessness, irritability

Gastro: Diarrhoea

Question 8

Grave’s Disease

Answer 8

Autoimmune
Immune system creates antibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. Mimic TSH and trick the thyroid gland into producing more hormones

Question 9

What is a goitre

Answer 9

Increase in size of thyroid gland

result of compensatory hypertrophy/hyperplasia from derangement, that impairs normal thyroid hormone output

affects muscles and tissue around the eyes = forward bulging of eyes and retraction of eyelids

Question 10

Thyroid storm

Answer 10

Increased metabolic rate = increased oxygen consumption

hyperthermic
Tachycardia
Congestive failure, angina, AF
agitation, confusion, delirium
Diarrhoea and vomiting

Question 11

Hypothyroidism Causes

Answer 11

Autoimmune disease (Hashimoto’s)
Thyroid surgery
Radiation therapy
Thyroiditis
Medicine

Question 12

Myxoedema

Answer 12

Hard and non pitting mucosal oedema

puffy face, enlarged tongue, hoarse voice