Tissues 1

Question 1

Describe epithelial tissue.

Answer 1

• It covers surfaces and separates compartments
• Forms glands
• Cells are connected and define function
• Has a diversity of secondary functions

Question 2

Describe connective tissue.

Answer 2

• It connects
• Structure and function defined by fluid and extracellular matrix
• Liquid to solid matrix
• Includes blood, bone and adipose

Question 3

Describe muscle tissue.

Answer 3

• Long thin cells which have cytoplasm packed with contractile apparatus
• Contractile
• Shortens in length and closes down spaces

Question 4

What kind of muscle tissues are there?

Answer 4

• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac

Question 5

Describe nervous tissue.

Answer 5

• Important in communication
• Consists of neurones and support cells
• Receives, generates and transmits electrical signals
• Integrates information from around the body

Question 6

How does epithelial tissue maintain coverage of surfaces?

Answer 6

• No contact inhibition
• Cell-cell junctions
• Cell-ECM junctions

Question 7

What is a desmosome?

Answer 7

A cell-cell junction

Question 8

What is the purpose of a desmosome?

Answer 8

Firm anchorage

Question 9

What is the structure of a desmosome?

Answer 9

Two cells stick together by a plaque of protein and filamentous proteins radiate out.

Question 10

What is a tight junction?

Answer 10

A cell-cell junction

Question 11

What is the function of a tight junction?

Answer 11

Seals intracellular spaces

Question 12

What is a gap junction?

Answer 12

A cell-cell junction

Question 13

What is the function of a gap junction?

Answer 13

Cell to cell communication

Question 14

How do gap junctions allow for communication?

Answer 14

• Signals go between the cells

- Holes are punched in the membrane which allow for the movement of ions

Question 15

What is the basement membrane composed of?

Answer 15

• Reticular lamina

- Basal lamina

Question 16

What sits in the basement membrane?

Answer 16

Four nucleated cells

Question 17

What cell-ECM junctions exist?

Answer 17

• Hemidesmosomes
• Skin-basal lamina
• BV endothelium-BL

Question 18

What are the secondary roles of the epithelium?

Answer 18

• Thick for wear and tear
• Thin for diffusion
• Movement-cilia
• Absorption-microvilli

Question 19

What are cilia?

Answer 19

Finger like projections from the apical surface

Question 20

What are microvilli?

Answer 20

Finger like projections from the apical surfaces

Question 21

How can epithelia be classified?

Answer 21

• Either simple (one cell thick) or complex (more than 1 cell thick)
• Squamous (squashes)
• Cuboidal
• Coumnar
• Stratified (spherical cells)
• pseudostratified columnar (appears like more than one layer but ever cell has contact with the basal lamia)

Question 22

What are cuboidal and columnar cells used for?

Answer 22

Secretion

Question 23

Where are stratified epithelia found?

Answer 23

Bladder and UT to stop accumulated toxins leaking back into the system

Question 24

Where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

Answer 24

Trachea

Question 25

What are glands?

Answer 25

Collections of secretory epithelia cells which can be single or multicellular

Question 26

What are the 2 types of gland you can get?

Answer 26

- Exocrine secrets out through tubes on the surface | - Endocrine secretes into the blood