Tissues

Question 1

Six functions of epithelium

Question 2

Avascular

Answer 2

Without blood supply

Question 3

Why is the fact that epithelial tissue is avascular important to know when dealing with healing wounds

Question 4

Basement membrane and function

Answer 4

Foundation of the epithelial cell
- acts as a partial barrier between the epithelial cells and the underlying connective tissue

Question 5

Cilia

Answer 5

• help propel mucous and debris away from the lungs
• encourage ova into the oviduct
• found in the respiratory and urogenital tracts

Question 6

Microvilli

Answer 6

• finger like projections
• typically on cells that are involved in absorption or secretion

Question 7

The brush border

Answer 7

• surface of a cell covered in microvilli
• increases the absorbing ability of the cell

Question 8

Keratin

Answer 8

Waterproof surface that fills the epithelial cells of the skin

Question 9

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 9

• reduces friction
• lines surfaces involved in the passage of gas or liquid
• found in protected regions of the body

Question 10

Mesothelium

Answer 10

Simple squamous epithelium located in the chest, around the heart and abdomen

Question 11

Endothelium

Answer 11

Simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 12

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 13

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 14

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 15

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 16

Transitional epithelium

Question 17

Endocrine gland
- relationship to hormones
Palpable lymph nodes

Answer 17

Produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream or lymphatic system
- do not have ducts or tubules
- found in pituitary glands and adrenal glands

Question 18

Exocrine glands

Answer 18

Discharge secretions directly into nearby areas which act locally and DO NOT enter the circulation
- found in hepatoid, musk, sweat and salivary glands
- also found in the liver and pancreas

Question 19

Serous secretions

Question 20

Mucous secretions

Question 21

Extracellular matrix

Question 22

Extracellular fibers

Question 23

Ground substance

Answer 23

• composed of glycoproteins called glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s)
• Shock absorbing cushion that protects the cells it envelops
• Effective obstacle for invading microorganisms

Question 24

Vascularized

Answer 24

With blood supply

Question 25

Different types of connective tissue

Question 26

Collagen

Question 27

Collagenous fibers

Answer 27

Aka. White fibers - Composed of protein collagen - Range from loose to dense - Found in ligaments and tendons

Question 28

Fixed vs. Transient connective tissue cells

Answer 28

Fixed connective tissue cells - cells that remain in the connective tissue - involved in the production and maintenance of the matrix Transient connective tissue cells - cells that flow in and out of the connective tissue - involved in the repair and protection of tissue

Question 29

Fibroblasts

Question 30

Suffix blast vs. cyte

Question 31

Leukocytes

Answer 31

Aka. White blood cells Engulf and digest invading microbes to protect the body

Question 32

Mast cells

Answer 32

Stimulated by invaders and release granules which begin the event of an allergic and inflammatory reaction Contain histamine and heparin

Question 33

Macrophages

Answer 33

Engulf microbes, dead cells, and debris Help tissues fight infection

Question 34

Areolar tissue

Answer 34

- packing material to cushion organs - supports delicate structures - most common

Question 35

Adipose tissue (white and brown)

Answer 35

- highly vascularized - acts as energy storage, insulator, shock absorber White - found within deep layers of the skin - houses all organelles Brown - found in newborns and hibernators - temperature regulator - sometimes called the hibernating gland

Question 36

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 36

- composed of a complex network of thin reticular fibers - resembles areolar connective tissue - forms stroma - found in the liver, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow

Question 37

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Answer 37

Densely packed collagen fibers

Question 38

Specialized connective tissue

Question 39

Cartilage

Question 40

Bone

Question 41

Blood

Question 42

Mucous membrane - goblet cells - mucin

Question 43

Serous membrane - parietal layer - visceral layer

Question 44

Cutaneous membrane

Question 45

Synovial membrane

Question 46

Synovial fluid

Question 47

Skeletal muscle - striated skeletal muscle - voluntary muscle - muscle paralysis

Question 48

Smooth muscle - non- striated involuntary muscle - peristalsis

Question 49

Cardiac muscle - involuntary striated muscle - pacemaker cells

Question 50

Neuron

Answer 50

Nerve cell specialized in receiving, processing and transmitting electrical signals (nerve impulses) - comprised of three parts: a cell body (perikaryon), dendrites, axons

Question 51

Axon

Answer 51

Long single extensions of a neuron

Question 52

Dendrite

Answer 52

Short cytoplasmic extensions of a neuron

Question 53

Cell body

Answer 53

Central part of the neuron - integrates incoming signals - contains organelles and the nucleus

Question 54

Which way does a nerve impulse pass through the neuron?

Answer 54

Dendrite —> cell body —> axon

Question 55

Inflammation, explain the sequence of events - vasoconstriction/ vasodilation - edema - clot formation - platelets - white blood cells - pus - fibrinogen/fibrin

Question 56

Granulation tissue

Answer 56

- newly formed connective tissue comprised of fibroblasts and capillaries that fill wounds while healing

Question 57

Scar tissue formation - first, second and third intention healing

Question 58

Transudate

Question 59

Exudate

Question 60

Peritoneal fluid

Question 61

Pleural fluid

Question 62

Effusion

Question 63

Ascites

Question 64

Adhesion

Answer 64

Abnormal fibrous connections that form between tissues or organs during healing (usually after inflammation or surgery)

Question 65

Epithelialization

Answer 65

When new epithelial cells grow over a wound surface, restoring the epithelial layer

Question 66

Proud flesh

Answer 66

Excessive growth of granulation tissue that projects out above the wounds surface - delays epithelialization - common in horses