Anatomy > Tissues exam > Flashcards

Tissues exam Flashcards

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1
Q

4 major tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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2
Q

secrete products into ducts or lumen that leads to a surface

A

exocrine

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3
Q

secrete products in to the bloodstream

A

endocrine

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4
Q

simple gland found in intestines, most basic

A

tubular

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5
Q

simple gland; merocrine sweat glands

A

tubular coiled

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6
Q

simple gland; gastric glands, mucous glands of esophagus, tongue, and duodenum

A

tubular branched

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7
Q

simple gland; “bulb- shaped”, only found in embryonic development

A

acinar/alveolar

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8
Q

simple gland; “bulb-shaped”, sebaceous (oil) glands

A

acinar/alveolar branched

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9
Q

compound gland; mucous glands in mouth, bulbo-urethral glands in male repro system, seminiferous tubules of testes

A

tubular

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10
Q

compound gland; mammary glands

A

acinar/alveolar

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11
Q

compound gland; salivary glands, glands of respiratory passages, pancreas

A

both; tubular and acinar/alveolar

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12
Q

mechanisms of secretion

A

merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine

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13
Q

mechanism of secretion: vesicle transport; exocytosis, secreting mucin- mucus, sweat

A

merocrine

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14
Q

mechanism of secretion: uses larger vesicles, cytoplasm shears and reforms after time

A

apocrine

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15
Q

mechanism of secretion: uses larger vesicles; full cell lysis- cell becomes full with vesicles, enitre cell leaves (“explodes”)

A

holocrine

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16
Q

epithelial tissue used in lungs for gas exchange, lining body cavities, and inner surface of heart and blood vessels; used becuase it’s thinness benefits these functions

A

simple squamous

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17
Q

epithelial tissue used in kidney tubules

A

simple cuboidal

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18
Q

epithelial tissue used in small intestine and uterine tubes; lots of space for absorption

A

simple columnar

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19
Q

epithelial tissue used in skin, esophagus, rectum, and vagina; used becase it is strong and many layers as a physcial barrier for injury

A

stratified squamous

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20
Q

epithelial tissue used in salivary gland ducts and pancreatic ducts

A

stratified cuboidal

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21
Q

epithelial tissue used in sweat gland ducts and mammary gland ducts

A

stratified columnar

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22
Q

epithelial tissue where cells are not directly stacked on top of each other; found in respiratoty organs and airways

A

pseudostratified

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23
Q

epithelial tissue where cells change shape in response to what function they perform; found in bladder

A

transitional epithelium

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24
Q

3 main aspects of connective tissue

A

special cells, ECM- proteins, ground substance- fluid component

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25
which tissue type is the most variable, packaging tissue, and it connects others
connective tissue
26
types of connective tissue
proper, fluid, and support
27
what are the types of loose proper connective tissue
areolar, adipose, and reticular
28
what are the types dense proper connective tissue
regular, irregular, and elastic
29
what are the types of fluid connective tissue
blood and lymph
30
what are the types of support connective tissue
cartilage and bone
31
most common type of connectice tissue proper, is loose, it is the general packing material, has fibroblasts which produce ECM
areolar tissue
32
loose, commonly reffered to as fat, has adipocytes- lipid fat droplets, cells packed with fat for long term energy storage
adipose tissue
33
toughest of the loose propers, forms a tough, flexible network that provides support for cells and resists distortion for the liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
reticular tissue
34
which proper tissue has less ECM therefore less protein fiber, making it looser
loose proper
35
which proper tissue has more ECM therefore more protein fiber, making it denser
dense proper
36
which type of dense proper tissue is found in tendons and ligaments that interconnect bones or stabilize organs, have a singular pattern which helps with stability, and a a singular movement, has fibroblasts
regular tissue
37
which type of dense proper tissue is found in areas subject to stress from all directions, it has a random organization, has fibroblasts
irregular tissue
38
which type of dense proper tissue is springy and resilient, found between vertebrae and in the walls of large blood vessels, can expand and contract, resilient to shape changes, has fibroblasts
elastic tissue
39
which type of fluid connective tissue has a fluid matrix containing proteins, but not fibers, has erythrocytes (rbc's)
blood
40
which type of fluid connective tissue is interstitial fluid which drains into lymphatic vessels that return tissue to venous blood, has lymphocytes (wbc's)
lymph
41
what is the watery matrix of blood that suspents erythrocytes and lymphocytes
plasma
42
which type of connective tissue is differentiated by which type of ECM it has
supportive
43
which type of supportive connective tissue has a gel matrix containing lacunae, which house the cells (chondrocytes), the chondrocytes produce the matrix
cartilage
44
which type of supportive connective tissue has a matrix of mainly calcuim salts and collagen fibers that give it strength, has osteoblasts wich produce it
bone
45
what are the 3 types of cartilage
elastic, hyaline and fibrous
46
which type of cartilage has floating chondrocytes, is found in the external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube, and larynx, most fluid
elastic
47
which type of cartilage has grouped chondrocytes, and is found between tips of ribs and bones of sternum, bone surfaces at synovial joints, larynx, trachea and bronchi, and nasal septum
hyaline
48
which type of cartilage has minimal chondrocytes and more ECM making it more rigid, is found in pads within knee joints, between pubic bones of pelvis, and intervertebral disks
fibrous
49
which type of muscle tissue has voluntary control over movement, striations, multinuceated, long cells, found in biceps
skeletal
50
which type of muscle tissue doesn't have voluntary control, has striations, intercalacated disks, and is only found in the heart
cardiac
51
which type of muscle tissue doesnt have striations or voluntary movement and is found in tubes such as vessels and esophagus
smooth
52
tissue that is specialized to conduct electrical impulses from one region of the body to another, mostly found in the brain and spinal cord
neural tissue
53
found in neural tissue and carry electrical impulses
neurons
54
found in neural tissue and don't carry electrical impulses, small and support neurons
neuroglia
55
what is the part of the neuron that forms branches around the cell body and receives electrical signals
dendrites
56
what is the elonated section of the neuron that send the received signal to the axon terminals
axon
57
what are the branches on the end of an axon that send the received signal to anothers cells dendrites
axon terminals
58
what is the space between the axon terminals and the dendrites of another cell
synapse
59
functoin of neuroglia
maintain physical structure of nervous tissue, repair, perform phagocytosis, provide nutrients to neurons, and regulate composition of interstitial fluid surrounding neurons
60
order of the process of healing
1. inflammation 2. regeneration 3. fibrosis (scarring)
61
during the process of inflammation, ___ recruit ___ and ___ for regeneration
clotting factors, fibroblasts, lymphocytes
62
during the process of regeneration, more ___ show up, which is what leads to fibrosis, ___occurs which provides more blood vessels, epithelial tissue is going through a lot of cell divison to repair tissue
fibroblasts, angiogenesis
63
during the process of fibrosis, __ help remodel ECM over time so the scar may fade
enzymes
64
cell that is a lymphocyte, releases molecules to help fuel inflammation (cytokines, signaling molecules) and is made of heparin and prostaglandins
mast cell
65
properties of inflammation
increased blood flow, increased vessel permeability (increased communication), and increased pain
66
the properies of inflammatoin lead to;
increased temp, bring in O2 for nutrients, attraction of lymphocytes becuase of cytokines, which are recycled via phagocytosis
67
organs have __ which are cells ready and waiting for an injury to occur
stem cells
68
cells shrink
atrophy
69
cells enlarge
hypertrophy
70
cell amount increases
hyperplasia
71
cell amount increases and cells enlarge
hypertrophy and hyperplasia
72
irregularly shaped cells; a cell type transforms into a different cell type
metaplasia
73
severely irregular cells (cancer)
dysplasia
74
when adipocytes increase in number it is only durning -
development (babies and children)
75
when adipocytes increases in size it is mainly during-
fat loss or gain (adults)
76
how to normal cells become cancer cells
1. normal- squamous 2. multiply through hyperplasia- increase number 3. metaplasia- squamous-->cuboidal 4. dysplasia- now more cells and have irregular shape 5. cancer
77
what is unplanned cell death, abnormal
necrosis
78
what is normal cell death
apoptosis
79
which type of cell death has blebs that become self-contained caspases, which form apoptotic bodies and get phagocytosed
apoptosis
80
which type of cell dealth has blebs which get inflammed, and cells undergo a lysis- plasma membrane opens and cell contents release
necrosis
81
what are the 4 types of membranes
mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial
82
which tissues are membrane composed of
epithelial and connective (mainly areolar)
83
which type of membrane is composed of simple columnar epithelia with goblet cells that provides slick membrane and areolar connective tissue; found lining the GI tract, mouth, and respiratory tract
mucous
84
which type of membrane is composed of simple squamous epithelia and areolar connective tissue; found lining body cavities- thoracic, abdominopelvic, and dorsal
serous
85
which type of membrane is composed of stratified squamous epithelia and areolar connecrive tissue; found only in skin
cutaneous
86
which type of membrane is for joint movement
synovial
87
what are the 3 connective tissue frameworks of the body
superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous facia
88
which fascia is located right under the surface of the skin
superficial
89
which fascia is located in between muscles and is designed to not let fluid out
deep
90
which fascia is located the most deep
subserous
91
what do the fascia compartments help do
organize membrane layers and compartmentalize body parts
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