Direct tax
Tax paid directly to government
Fixed tax
Fixed amount of tax paid on each unit sold
Vat
Ad valorem price, tax charged as a % of the price of a good
Consumer surplus
the economic benefit consumers gain when the price they are willing to pay for a product exceeds the actual market price, representing extra value or satisfaction
Producer surplus
the extra benefit producers gain from selling a product at the market price, which is higher than the minimum price they would have accepted (their marginal cost)