What is the basic anatomy of a tooth?
In the crown= enamel, dentin, pulp chamber
Roots= pulp canal (pulp has blood vessels+nerves)
What are the tooth surfaces?
Mesial:closest to the midline
Distal:farthest from midline
Occlusal: biting surface of posterior teeth
Incisal: biting surface of anterior teeth
Buccal:posterior teeth facing the cheek
Labial:anterior teeth facing the lips
Lingual:faces the tongue
Palatal:faces the palate
What are the features of the mandibular 1st premolar (4)?
•smallest premolar
•2 cusps (larger buccal + extremely small lingual cusp)
•2 occlusal fossae (distal larger than mesial)
•single root usually with a distal inclination
•1 canal
•4 lobes
What are the features of the mandibular 2nd premolar (5)?
•usually 2 or 3 cusps (3 normally)
•squarer shape
•central fissure usually curves around buccal cusp
•usually has single conical root
•1 canal
•4 lobes
What are the features of the mandibular 1st molar (6)?
•largest of the mandibular teeth
•5 cusps (3 buccal and 2 lingual)
•bulbous tooth
•tends to have a lingual inclination
•2 roots (mesial/distal), mesial is longer, both curve distally, distal root has less distal curve than mesial root
•3 canals (mesial root has 2)
•5 lobes
What are the features of the mandibular 2nd molar (7)?
•4 cusps (2 mesial + 2 distal, separated by a fissure system in the form of a cruciform)
•2 roots (mesial+distal)/may be fused
•3 canals
•4 or 5 lobes
What are the features of the mandibular 3rd molar (8)?
•similar to the 2nd molar (7)
•4 cusps separated by a fissure system (cruciform)
•smaller than (7)
•2 roots (mesial/distal) often fused and underdeveloped
What are the features of the maxillary 1st premolar (4)?
•2 defined cusps (buccal is larger than palatal cusp)
•buccal cusp mesial slope is longer than the distal slope
•palatal cusp has a slight mesial inclination
•2 roots (buccal/palatal) curve slightly distally
•2 canals (sometimes 1 or 3)
•4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)
What are the features of the maxillary 2nd premolar (5)?
•2 cusps (buccal/palatal which are more equal in size/shallower than the 1st premolar)
•buccal cusp distal slope is longer than the mesial slope
•has a single root, usually longer than the 1st premolars
•1 canal
•4 lobes
What are the features of the maxillary 1st molar (6)?
•4 cusps (mesiopalatal, distopalatal, mesiobuccal, distibuccal) with mesiopalatal= largest / distopalatal=smallest
•often 5th cusp= cusp of carabelli in the mesiopalatal cusp
•buccal cusps have more pointed tips
•3 roots, palatal is the longest, mesiobuccal and distobuccal
•4 canals (mesiobuccal often has 2)
•5 lobes (2 buccal, 3 lingual)
What are the features of the maxillary 2nd molar (7)?
•similar to the 1st molar
•4 cusps, 3 roots
•distal cusps have significant reduction in size/some cases distopalatal cusps may be absent
•may also be fusion of roots
•usually 3 or 4 canals
•4 or 5 lobes
What are the features of the maxillary 3rd molar (8)?
•more triangular in shape
•smallest of the maxillary molars
•usually 3 cusps as often distopalatal is absent
•roots are underdeveloped, curve distally, can be fused and often short
What are the features of the maxillary central incisor (1)?
•wedge/spade shape
•mesial incisal angle is 90•
•distal aspect has a more rounded morphology
•has a single root with 1 canal (cone shaped)
•4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)
What are the features of the maxillary lateral incisor (2)?
•smaller than central incisor but similarly have an acute mesial angle/rounder distal angle to incisal edge
•incisal edge slopes downwards to the disto-incisal junction
•has a single rounded root, slight distal inclination at apex
•1 canal
•4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)
What are the features of the maxillary canine (3)?
•single cusp converging to a single point
•mesial slope is shorter than the distal slope
•highly convex labial surface
•bulbous palatal surface with a cingulum
•longest root of anterior teeth (one root and one canal)
•4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)
What are the features of the mandibular central incisor (1)?
•smallest tooth in dentition
•mesio-incisal and distoincisal angles are acute (90•)
•relatively smooth lingual aspect
•single root with slight distal inclination
•1 canal (sometimes 2)
•4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)
What are the features of the mandibular lateral incisor (2)?
•similar to central incisor but slightly larger
•fan shaped with greater incisal edge length
•incisal edge slightly slopes down from mesial to distal
•single root
•1 canal (sometimes 2)
•4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)
What are the features of the mandibular canine (3)? **
•compared to maxillary, its crown is smaller mesiodistally relative to root
•distal aspect curves around more than mesial aspect
•mesial slope of single cusp is shorter to the distal slope
•single root which can be bifurcated
•1 canal
•4 lobes (3 facial and 1 lingual)
How is the maxillary lateral incisor different to the central incisor?
•smaller crown
•more rounded crown
•longer root
•more prominent lingual fossa
