extinction of behavior maintained by neg reinforcement
- Mary
- total food refusal
- medical issues
- escape behaviors
- escape extinction
- acceptance increased from 0 to 100% compliances
extinction of behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement
- Geoff
- profound disabilities
- during periods of inactivity he poked himself in the eyes (self-stimulation)
- visual impairment
- eye poking served as sensory stimulation (automatic reinforcement) bc he was alone
- behavioral treatment program: sensory extinction
- Geoff seated alone and worse goggles
- eye poking decreased
Deaver et al.
- twirled hair around finger
- so tight the hair had to be cut off
- indirect and direct methods revealed its at bedtime
- contingent attention- Tina’s mother provided social disapproval when Tina twirled her hair
- noncontingent attention: Tina’s mother sat next to her and rub back
results: attention not reinforcing - hair-twirling was form of self-stimulation
- wore gloves to stop
- almost completely stopped
Goh and Iwata
Steve
- 40 yr old with developmental disability
- self-injurious behaviors
- applied escape extinction
- correct response during training were reinforced
- Steve became aggressive
- trainer blocked aggressive behaviors but otherwise ignored them (extinction)
results: aggression decreased
Neisworth
- severe intellectual disabilities
- target behavior: stereotypic hand flapping, finger flicking
- baseline phase: measured percent of intervals containing target behavior
- treatment: CRF (continuous reinforcement phase), EXT (extinction phase)
generalization
target behavior occurs across different situations that differ from training situation
- use extinction
- all change events use extinction consistently
- provide instructions about new contingencies
maintenance
behavior change persists over time after b-mod program ends
- continue to use extinction whenever problem behavior occurs
when not to apply extinction
- group settings and imitation: behavior placed on extinction causes extinction burst and novel behaviors that may be limited by others, can be difficult to manage extinction bursts and novel behaviors emitted by several people at once
- extreme behaviors: some behaviors are harmful to people or destructive of property, should be modified with most rapid procedures, gradual nature use of extinction by itself it is not recommended
steps in using extinction
- collect data to assess treatment effects
- identify reinforcer for the problem behavior through functional assessment
- eliminate reinforcer after each instance of problem behavior
- consider schedule of reinforcement for problem behavior
- reinforce alternative behaviors
- promote generalization and maintenance
when should the problem behavior be recorded?
before and after use of extinction procedure to determine whether behavior decreased
what must be identified so you can eliminate it?
specific reinforcer for problem behavior
when can problem behaviors may be maintained by pos reinforcement?
when behavior results in presentation of stimulus or neg reinforcement when behavior results in escape from some stimulus or event
what can the reinforcing consequence involve?
social or nonsocial or automatic reinforcement
what happens when the change agent has no control over the reinforcer?
no extinction can be implemented
extinction following positive reinforcement
When a behavior is positively reinforced, extinction means the person no longer gets the positive reinforcer following the behavior.
extinction following neg reinforcement
When a behavior is negatively reinforced, extinction means the person no longer escapes from the aversive stimulus following the behavior. This variation of extinction is called escape extinction.
when can extinction be implemented?
if change agent can prevent the reinforcing consequences each time the problem behavior occurs
when is extinction unsafe?
when problem behavior is neg reinforced bc extinction requires that you prevent escape when problem behavior occurs
what is extinction often accompanied by?
extinction burst
what is a common reason for failure of extinction?
lack of consistency
treatment fidelity
implementing procedure exactly as planned
results of Kazdin/Polster and Higbee
problem behavior is reinforced on intermittent schedule
- beneficial to implement continuous schedule for brief period just before extinction
what should always be used in conjunction with extinction?
reinforcement or any other procedure to decrease problem behavior
sensory extinction
procedural variation of extinction that is used for behavior maintained by automatic pos reinforcement when reinforcer for behavior is nonsocial and involved sensory stimulation produced by the behavior itself
