Topic 5

Question 1

organisms.

Question 2

Cycloalkenes: Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a cyclic ring. They contain both

Question 3

single and double bonds.

Question 4

Geometric isomerism: A type of stereoisomerism that occurs due to the restricted rotation

Question 5

around the carbon double bond. This results in two different groups on either end of the

Question 6

double bond. If the highest priority groups for each carbon are found on the same side of the

Question 7

molecule (both above or below)

Answer 7

then it is the Z-isomer. If the highest priority groups for each

Question 8

carbon are found on opposite sides of the molecule (one above and one below)

Answer 8

then it is the

Question 9

E-isomer.

Question 10

Polymer: A long-chain molecule formed by joining together many small molecules known as

Question 11

monomers.

Question 12

Polymer disposal: Most polymers are unreactive which means they are not biodegradable.

Question 13

This means they are often disposed of in landfills

Answer 13

incinerated (releases greenhouse gases)

Question 14

or recycled (often expensive and takes time).

Question 15

Primary carbocation: A molecule in which the carbon with the positive charge is only

Question 16

attached to one alkyl group. This is the least stable carbocation.

Question 17

Secondary carbocation: A molecule in which the carbon with the positive charge is

Question 18

attached to two alkyl groups. This is more stable than a primary carbocation but less stable

Question 19

than a tertiary carbocation.

Question 20

Tertiary Carbocation: A molecule in which the carbon with the positive charge is attached to

Question 21

three alkyl groups. This is the most stable type of carbocation.

Question 22

Unsaturated : Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond which

Question 23

consists of a σ bond and a π bond.